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Details Title Peridontum/Cementum Description Oral Histo Final Total Cards 108 Subject Histology Created 11/26/2011

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Cards

Term ____ is a specialized fibrous joint.	Definition gomphosis
Term what makes up the periodontum?	Definition periodontal ligament alveolar bone cementum
Term ___ is a hard avascular connective tissue covering the roots of teeth.	Definition cementum
Term cementum covers and protects the ___ dentin. (covers the opening of dentinal ___). it provides ____ for the principal periodontal fibers and participates in the maintenance of ___ relationship (adaptation).	Definition root tubules attachment occlusal
Term the thinnest part of cementum is in the ____ area.	Definition cevical
Term the thickest part of cementum is in the ___ and ______ areas of multi-rooted teeth.	Definition apex inter-radicular
Term cementum is more ___ than other dental tissues.	Definition permeable
Term cementum is ___ and readily abraded by the oral environment.	Definition soft
Term clinically, gingival recession exposing the thinnest cementum leads to root exposure and ___.	Definition sensitivity
Term cementum formation occurs along the _____ tooth.	Definition entire
Term Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) is an extension of the inner and outer dental ____.	Definition epithelium
Term ____ sends inductive signals to ectomesenchymal pulp cells to secret predentin by differentiating into ___.	Definition HERS odontoblasts
Term Ectomesenchymal cells from the inner portion of the dental follicle come in contact with predentin and differentiate into ____ that lay down ____.	Definition cementoblasts cementum
Term One theory of cementoblast activation is that infiltrating dental follicle cells receive ___ signal from the dentin or the surrounding ____ cells and differentiate into cementoblasts.	Definition reciprocal HERS
Term A theory of cementoblast activation is that ___ cells directly differentiate into cementoblasts.	Definition HERS
Term A theory of cementoblast activation is that epithelial ___ of ____ participate.	Definition rests Malassez
Term ___ fibrils of dentin and cementum blend together.	Definition collagen
Term Mineralization of mantle dentin starts internally then spreads through dentin surface across the ___ and into the cementum resulting in an _____ structure.	Definition CDJ amalgamated
Term cementum is classified according to ___, the origin of _____ fibers in the matrix and ___.	Definition cellularity collagenous combined
Term acellular (primary) cementum covers the root along ____ dentin, has a ____ deposition rate, has incremental lines relatively ___, and is apparently absent in ____ cementum.	Definition adjacent slower close intermediate
Term cellular (secondary) cementum is found in ___, ____, and ____ acellular cementum, has a ___ rate of deposition, has incremental lines relatively ___, and has apparent ____ cementum clearly demarcating cementum from dentin.	Definition apical inter-radicular overlaying fast wide intermediate
Term The hyaline layer of ____ ____ (intermediate cementum) is found between the granular layer of Tomes and the ___.	Definition Hopewell Smith cementum
Term The hyaline layer of Hopewell Smith is the first layer of ___ by the inner cells of the ___ to seals of the DT.	Definition cementum HERS
Term the hyaline layer of Hopewell Smith ____ greater than the adjacent dentin or the secondary cementum and is approximately 10 um thick.	Definition mineralizes
Term the ____ fibers are from PDL (sharpey's fibers) and are in the same direction as PDL fibers (perpendicular or oblique to root surface).	Definition extrinsic
Term the ___ fibers are laid down by cementoblasts and are parallel to the root surface and are perpendicular to extrinsic fibers.	Definition intrinsic
Term ___ ___ cementum is where both extrinsic and intrinsic fibers meet.	Definition mixed fiber
Term Acellular cementum contains ___ fibers and are located in bulk from the ___ margin to the apical third increasing in thickness ___. its function is ___.	Definition extrinsic cervical apically anchorage
Term cellular dentin has ___ fibers and is located in the middle, ___ thirds and furcation. its function is ___ and ___.	Definition intrinsic apical adaptation repair
Term alternating cellular and acellular cementum have ___ fibers. it is located apical and ___. ___ fibers are uniformly mineralized but the ___ fibers are variably mineralized with some central unmineralized cores.	Definition mixed inter-radicular intrinsic extrinsic
Term acellular ___ are located as spurs and patches over enamel and dentin close to CEJ and is an unknown anomaly.	Definition afibrillar
Term Bone functions as ___ and cementum functions as ___.	Definition skeleton periodontium
Term cementum lacks the ____ organization of bone.	Definition lamellar
Term ___ is completely different from bone while ___ share the property of cellularity but structurally and functionally non related to bone.	Definition AIFC CIFC
Term CIFC is less ___ than bone. incremental lines ("resting lines") by continuous but phasic deposition (incremental lines of __-).	Definition cellular Salter
Term cementum is ____, hence, it is more resistant to resorption and has less remodeling activity.	Definition avascular
Term Cementum is ___ and ___ but covers dentin sensitive dentin.	Definition aneural painless
Term the cellular population in bone consists of ___, ___, ___ lining cells and ____. cementum has ___.	Definition osteoblast osteocytes bone osteoclasts cementoblasts
Term The organic ECM composition of bone is ___% vs ___% in cementum.	Definition 70 45-50
Term cementum and bone have a similar ____ ____ framework mainly of collagen type 1 (90%).	Definition organic fibrous
Term cementum and bone have the same non collagenous proteins and ground substance. some unique cementum molecules include ___ ___ ___ (CAP), __ and ___.	Definition cementum attachment protein fibromodulin lumican
Term TGF-beta (BMP) is reported to promote cell _____ and ____ during development and regeneration.	Definition differentiation cementogenesis
Term PDGF and IGF are suggested to promote cementum formation by altering cell __ activity.	Definition cycle
Term FGF suggested to promote cell proliferation,migration and ____ in the periodontium in general.	Definition vasculogenesis
Term BSP and OP regulate ___ and the extent of crystal growth. their balance is believed to maintain the non-mineralizing structure of PDL.	Definition mineralization
Term Enamel proteins may involved in the epithelial ____ transition for cementoblasts differentiation.	Definition mesenchymal
Term collagen, mainly type __, also type III and XII.	Definition I
Term Gla proteins such as OC contribute to mineralization regulation and ___ growth. matrix Gla ___ mineralization and controls PD width.	Definition crystal inhibits
Term transcription factors involved in cementogenesis include ___and ___ downtstream to BMPs.	Definition CBFa-1 OX
Term cementum does not undergo physiologic ___ as bone.	Definition remodeling
Term resorption is associated with ___ or ____ tooth movement.	Definition periodontitis orthodontic
Term RANKL/OPG regulate both ___ and ___.	Definition cementum bone
Term The alveolar osteoblasts originate from ___ ___ and ____ and bone ___.	Definition dental follicle periosteum marrow
Term cementoblasts originate from ___ ___ or epithelial mesenchymal transition of ___ cells.	Definition dental follicle HERS
Term 60-65% of the time, cementum ____ enamel, 30% of the time cementum and enamel are ___ to ____ and 5-10% of the time there is a ___ between E and C.	Definition overlaps edge to edge gap
Term as cementum ages, the smooth surface becomes ___ due to calcification of ligament fiber bundles where they are attached to cementum.	Definition irregular
Term there is ___ deposition of cementum in the apical area with age.	Definition continuous
Term cementum resorption is active for a period of time and then stop for cementum deposition creating ___ ___.	Definition reversal lines
Term resorption of root dentin occurs with aging which is covered by ___ ___.	Definition cemental repair
Term ____ are apparent with aging.	Definition cementicles
Term cemental repair is a ___ function of cementoblasts after resorption of root dentin or cementum.	Definition protective
Term cemental repair occurs after ____ or loss of cementum accompanied by loss of ___.	Definition trauma attachment
Term following reparative cementum deposition, the attachment is ___.	Definition restored
Term ___ are calcified ovoid or round nodule in PDL.	Definition cementricles
Term there can be single or multiple cementricles near the cemental surface. they are free in ___ and attached or embedded in ___. they are from aging and are at sites of ___.	Definition ligament cementum trauma
Term ____ is the abnormal thickening of normal (non neoplastic) cementum. could be diffuse or ____, affecting a single or ___ teeth.	Definition hypercementosis circumscribed multiple
Term hypercementosis occurs from ___, ideopathic, gigantism-acromegaly, occlusal trauma, non functional tooth trama, or perapical granuloma.	Definition pagets
Term ___ ____ is a soft specialized connective tissue between cementum and alveolar bone proper.	Definition periodontal ligament
Term the width of the periodontal ligament ___ with age.	Definition decreases
Term the periodontal ligament has a ___ turnover rate.	Definition high
Term the pdl is supportive of the ___ and ___ ___.	Definition tooth blood vessels
Term the pdl is a ___ ___, withstanding the forces of mastication.	Definition shock absorber
Term the pdl is formative, controlling the ___ and ___ of cementum, ligament, and alveolar bone.	Definition resorption synthesis
Term blood vessels provide the essential ___ to the vitality of the PDL.	Definition nutrients
Term the pdl assists in ____ by the contraction of fibroblasts in dental follicles.	Definition eruption
Term there is a ____ receptor on pdl necessary for proper positioning of the jaw.	Definition sensory
Term pdl is ____ in origin. it is formed from the ___ ___ shortly after root development begins.	Definition mesenchymal dental follicle
Term ____ are the most abundant PDL cells. there is a high turnover rate because these cells are prone to destruction, and they have a flexible adaptation to tooth movement. there are abundant ___ organelles, a prominent ___ network and ___ properties.	Definition secretory actin contractile
Term ___ cover the periodontal surface of cementum.	Definition cementoblasts
Term ___ cover the periodontal surface of alveolar bone.	Definition osteoblasts
Term ____ are precursors of osteoclasts and cementoblasts.	Definition macrophages
Term PDL fibers end into ___ cementum o bone by ___ ___.	Definition acellular sharpey's fibers
Term ____ _____ _____ are the principal fibers in the gingival area (not strictly related to the periodontum). they are present in the lamina propria of the gingiva.	Definition gingival ligament fibers
Term PDL is composed of ___, ___, and ___ ___.	Definition cells fibers ground substance
Term principal fibers are broken up into the ___ group and ___ group.	Definition dentoalveolar gingival
Term the ___ group of principle fibers are found in between tooth and bone.	Definition dentoalveolar
Term the alveolar crest group (ACG) is found below the ___.	Definition CEJ
Term the ___ group of principle fibers are found in between tooth and bone.	Definition dentoalveolar
Term the alveolar crest group (ACG) is found below the ___.	Definition CEJ
Term the horizontal group is apical to the ___.	Definition ACG
Term the oblique group is the most numerous. ___ ___ (occlusal) forces tension on bone encouraging bone formation rather than ___.	Definition transform axial resorption
Term the apical group is found around the ___, base of socket.	Definition apex
Term the interradicular group is found on ___ teeth, forming the crest of the interradicular septum.	Definition multi-rooted
Term the dentogingival fibers are the most ___; cervical cementum to f/a gingiva	Definition numerous
Term alveologingival fibers are found at the bone of the ___ ___ to f/a gingiva.	Definition alveolar crest
Term circular fibers are found around the neck of ___ and free gingiva.	Definition teeth
Term dentoperiosteal fibers are found apically from the cementum over the __ ___ ___ to the alveolar process or vestibule (muscle) or floor of mouth	Definition outer cortical plate
Term transseptal gingival fibers are found at the cementum between ___ teeth, over the alveolar crest connect all the arch.	Definition adjacent
Term ____ fibers are immature elastic fibers that are restricted to the walls of blood vessels and are oriented obliquely in an axial direction from the cementum surface to the blood vessels. they are mostly numerous in the ___ area.	Definition oxytalan cervical
Term the function of oxytalan fibers is the support ____ _____ and regulate ____ flow in relation to tooth function.	Definition blood vessels vascular
Term the blood supply comes from ___ and ____ arteries. there are apical vessles, gingival vessels, and interalveoplar arteries penetrating the ___ plate.	Definition superior inferior cribiform
Term the rich blood supply reflects the high ___ rate.	Definition turnover
Term there is a higher blood supply in the posterior and ___.	Definition mandibular
Term vessel occupy lose ___ ____ areas between the principle fibers (interstitial spaces)	Definition connective tissue
Term the nerves supply originates from the inferior or superior ___ nerves.	Definition alveolar
Term the nerves supply provides a sense of __, ___, __, __ during mastication and has a protective open jaw reflex.	Definition touch pressure pain proprioception
Term the nerve fibers enter from the apical region or ___ ___ walls (with BVs)	Definition lateral socket
Term the ___ regions contain more nerve endings (except under incisors).	Definition apical

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