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perfusion drugs
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96
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
10/20/2014

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Term
COREG carvedilol & Trandate (labetalol) class & action
Definition
beta-blockers (Decreases force of contraction and conduction. Vasodilates, bronchoconstricts)
Term
when you hear -lol you should think of this class
Definition
BETA BLOCKERS (carvedilol, labetalol)
Term
Catapres, cloNIDine & Minipress, prazosin Class and action
Definition
Alpha-adrenergic blockers, lower BP by dilating vessels, decrease afterload & periph resistance)
Term
digoxin, dopamine (Inotropin), dobutamine (Dobutrex), inamrinone, Milrinone (Primacor) CATEGORY
Definition
positive inotropes
Term
CATEGORY — atenolol ( Tenorium );   metroprolol (Toprol);   propranolol (Inderal)
Definition
Beta Blockers
Term
the word ferrous in a medication means
Definition
oral iron preparation
Term
name 2 IV iron preparations?
Definition
Iron dextran- Iron sucrose-
Term
name 2 potent vasodilators used to optimize perfusion
Definition
nitroprusside (nipride), nesiritide (Natrecor)
Term
—Nitroglycerin:  Intravenous (Nitro-Bid IV, Tridil );   Sublingual ( Nitrostat ); Translingual Spray   ( Nitromist );  Ointment (Nitro-Bid );   Transdermal (Nitro-Dur ) —isosorbide dinitrate ( Isordil ) (sublingual,   chewable tablets, sustained release   capsules) —isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) (sustained   release capsules)
Definition
nitrates
Term
these vasodilate coronary arteries  & increase oxygen   supply to myocardium and dilate peripheral vessels to decrease blood pressure
Definition
nitrates
Term
__________ are a type of drug that increases the force of myocardial contraction.
Definition
Inotropics
Term
— cholestyramine   ( LoCholest , Questran ,   Prevalite ); colestipolHC ( Colestid ) are category
Definition
Bile acid Sequestrants or Resins
Term
CATEGORY? — gemfibrozil ( Lopid ), fenofibrate   ( Tricor )
Definition
fibric acids or fibrates
Term
Category — Niacor , nicotinic acid, Slo -  Niacin
Definition
Nicotinic Acids or Niacins
Term
Category: — ezetimibe ( Zetia ) (— combination products — Vytorin :  simvastatin (Zocor) & Ezetimibe   ( Zetia ))
Definition
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
Term
atorvastatin ( Lipitor ); simvastatin   (Zocor ); rosuvastatin (Crestor ); and   provastatin (Pravachol)
Definition
Statins 3-Hydroxy-3methyglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors
Term
when you see -statin you should think of ___
Definition
meds for hyperlipidemia
Term
RAAS drugs CATEGORY: — captopril (Capoten); enalapril ( Vasotec ); linsinopril ( Zestril )
Definition
ACE inhibitors
Term
RAAS drugs Category — losartan ( Cozaar ), valsartan ( Diovan ) — combination product of losartan ( Cozaar ) & (HCTZ): Hyzaar
Definition
— Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Term
— amlodipine (Norvasc) — nicardipine ( Cardene ) — nifedipine (Procardia) — verapamil ( Calan ) — diltiazem   (Cardizem) THESE ARE ____________
Definition
Calcium Channel Blockers
Term
— acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) — dipyridamole ( Persantine ) — clopidogrel ( Plavix ) — ticlopidine   ( Ticlid ) CATEGORY
Definition
ANTIPLATELET AGENTS
Term
Heparin reversal agent
Definition
Protamine sulfate
Term
name 3 common anticoags (1. PO, 2&3 SubQ)
Definition
warfarin, Lovenox, Heparin
Term
_______Blockers > reduced force of contractions & AV conduction (lower HR) _______ Blockers >Peripheral vasodilation, Bronchial vasoconstriction (specific beta blocker action)
Definition
Beta 1, Beta 2 ( Beta Adrenergic Blockers)
Term
broad category of drugs that blocks the sympathetic nervous system stimulation of alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
Definition
Anti-andrenergics (alpha blocker, beta blocker or combo)
Term
Class that lowers BP by dilating vessels in smooth muscle
Definition
Alpha Andrenergic Blockers (Catapres, Minipress)
Term
What class works these 2 ways: 1. decreases force of contraction, decreases AV conduction, lowers HR 2. causes periph. vasodilation & bronchial constrictin
Definition
Beta Blockers (-lol)
Term
class that prevents new clots from forming & prevents existing clots from growing
Definition
Anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin, Lovenox)
Term
class that decreases platelet aggregation- lowering risk of clot formation
Definition
Antiplatelet agents
Term
Negative inotrope : decreases myocardial O2 demand. Negative chronotrope : slows the heart’s electrical conduction allowing for improved cardiac filling time. vasodilates peripheral vessels thus reduces afterload- vasodilates coronary arteries thus increases myocardial O2 supply. WHAT CLASS OF DRUG IS DESCRIBED?
Definition
Calcium channel blockers (dipine)
Term
negative inotrope ___ force of heart contraction, positive inotrope ___ force of contraction
Definition
decreases, increases
Term
what does a negative chronotrope do to heart rate
Definition
decreases it
Term
2 kinds of RAAS affecting meds
Definition
ACE inhibitors AngII receptor blockers
Term
these drugs work in kidneys to promote excretion of sodium and water
Definition
diuretics
Term
these antilipidemics decrease hepatic synthesis of cholesterol by enzyme inhibition
Definition
-Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)
Term
1st line of pharmacologic intervention for high cholesterol
Definition
#NAME?
Term
inhibits cholesterol absorption in the small intestine 1. name category 2. name 2 drugs
Definition
1. cholesterol absorption inhibitors 2. zetia, zocor
Term
inhibits release of free fatty acids, decreases synthesis of lipoproteins & triglycerides
Definition
Nicotinic Acids or Niacins (niacor, slo-niacin)
Term
What Category? Decrease the hepatic synthesis of cholesterol & increase removal of triglyceride, lower triglyceride levels and increase HDL levels
Definition
Fibric Acids or Fibrates
Term
these drugs vasodialate coronary arteries to increase 02 to myocardium. vasodilates periph. vessels to decrease BP
Definition
Nitrates
Term
These drugs bind cholesterol in the intestine, increase bile breakdown. Lower LDL with little/no effect on HDL & triglycerides
Definition
Bile Acid Sequestrants or Resins (they have -chol in name)
Term
nitroprusside, (Nitropress, Nipride) sound like a nitrate but is actually this class
Definition
vasodilator
Term
patients on this drug need to monitored for cyanide poisoning
Definition
nitroprusside, (Nipride, nitropress)
Term
This vasoldilator drug is a form of bnp that inhibits ADH
Definition
nesiritide (natrecor)
Term
this category increase force of myocardial contraction
Definition
positive inotrope
Term
this specific drug acts on the myocardium; ↓ the action of the sodium/potassium pump and ↑ the action of calcium.
Definition
digoxin
Term
Vasodilators nitroprusside (Nipride) & nesiritide (Natrecor) are IV drugs that are delivered in a prescribed dose of ?/?/?
Definition
mcg/kilogram/minute
Term
when you see -dipine you should think of ____
Definition
calcium channel blockers
Term
#NAME?
Definition
ACE inhibitors
Term
Alpha blockers teaching
Definition
teach about orthostatic h ypotension and reflex tachycardia
Term
patients on these should be watched for bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, and asymptomatic hypoglycemia
Definition
beta-blockers
Term
important teaching for diabetics on beta-blockers
Definition
more frequent blood sugar checks (hypoglycemic s&s will be blunted)
Term
unlabeled use for beta-blockers
Definition
maigraine headache relief
Term
T or F. Anticoagulants prevent clot formation and break down existing clots.
Definition
False- they only prevent clots and keep existing clots from growing larger
Term
What is ZORELTO? What is its major drawback?
Definition
new anticoag med. drawback: no reversal agent.
Term
what is the reversal agent of Coumadin (warfarin)
Definition
vitamin K
Term
What is this Nurse teaching all about? Cabbage, cauliflower, chick peas, egg yolks, soybeans, green leafy veggies.
Definition
Foods high in vitamin K, coumadin pts need to know about. (coumadin antagonist)
Term
why don't you massage heparin injections?
Definition
Bruising
Term
T or F: Heparin has a short-half life of ~2 hours
Definition
TRUE (mostly gone from body within 4 hours)
Term
Plavix warning: if TTP call your doctor. What does that mean?
Definition
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (little clots and polka dot bruises)
Term
drugs that slow heart rate and dilate all arteries used to treat angina, hbp, and tachycardia from atrial problems
Definition
calcium channel blockers
Term
what type of blockers are generally not used with a weak heart/heart failure?
Definition
calcium channel blockers (because negative inotrope will make contraction too weak)
Term
angiotensin II causes the reabsorbtion of __ and __, the excretion of ___ and stimulates the release of the hormone _____
Definition
sodium, water, potassium, aldosterone
Term
what kind of drugs has -"sartan" in the name
Definition
angiotensin II receptor blocker
Term
T or F. If a pt on an Ace inhibitor develops a dry cough they will switch them to an AngII receptor blocker.
Definition
TRUE
Term
What labs are periodically taken when pt is on RAAS effecting drugs?
Definition
electrolytes and kidney function labs
Term
t or f - liver labs need to be monitored fot pts on dyslipidemics
Definition
true- (ast and alt)
Term
patient teaching for statins (3 points)
Definition
#NAME?
Term
which class of dyslipedmic that would be most likely to cause constipation.
Definition
bile acid sequestrants (-choles)
Term
2 major types of nitrates: ___ are sustained release and ___ is immediate acting
Definition
isosorbides, nitroglycerin
Term
dyspepsia
Definition
upset stomach, belching... (common side effect of antilypidemics)
Term
2 major types of nitrates: ___ used for angina prophylaxis and IV ___ is used during M.I. or hypertensive crisis
Definition
isosorbide, nitroglycerin
Term
when should a pt with chest pain who takes sl nitroglycerin call 911?
Definition
they should take a dose every 5 minutes 3 times. If pain persists call 911
Term
2 major side effects of nitroglycerine
Definition
headache fast drop in BP
Term
4 drugs you give for chest pain
Definition
nitroglycerin aspirin (324mg crushed) oxygen morphine (last resort) (MONA)
Term
what should you do if pt complains that sl nitroglycerin burns under the tongue
Definition
nothing- that means it is good (only stays good for 3-6 months)
Term
T or F. Do not give nitroglycerin to a guy who took erectile dysfunction drug w/in 24 hours
Definition
True- it will make the BP drop dangerously
Term
what is the therapeutic range of digoxin?
Definition
0.5-2 ng/mL
Term
digoxin half life
Definition
36 hours
Term
digoxin toxicity symptoms
Definition
anorexia
hallucinations/psychosis

yellow-green halos around objects

blurred vision
Term
what is the antedote for digoxin toxicity?
Definition
digibind
Term
low-dose dopamine
(0-2 mcg/kg/min) is used for what purpose
Definition
diuretic (increased renal perfusion)
Term
(2-10 mcg/kg/min) midrange dose dopamine is used for what
Definition
HF for increased contractility and heartrate (+inotrope & +chronotrope)
Term
high dose dopamine (10-20 mcg/kg/min) is used for what
Definition
used to increase BP in an emergency situation
Term
IV dopamine at a dose higher than 2 mcg/kg/min should be delivered how? why?
Definition
Central line because it is very caustic and can result in extravasation
Term
2 antedotes for dopamine extravisation
Definition
regitine (inject wagon wheel) or topical nitropaste
Term
name 4 positive inotrope drugs
Definition
digoxin
dopamine

dobutamine

inamrinone
Term
what foods should you NOT take iron within 1 hour of eating
Definition
dairy, chocolate, eggs, caffeine
Term
T or F- mid-dose dopamine (2-10mcg/k/min) should increase HR, CO and contractility
Definition
TRUE
Term
T or F- IV dopamine must always be delivered through a central line due to extravasation risk
Definition
FALSE- low dose (less than 2 mcg) can be delivered peripherally.
Term
what class of drug is dobutrex and inocor
Definition
positive inotrope
Term
t or f: high dose dopamine causes major vasoconstriction
Definition
TRUE
Term
pt started on parenteral iron 2 days ago & develops flu-like symptoms. what should be suspected?
Definition
delayed allergic reaction- call physician
Term
which antilipidiemics may cause hyperuricemia
Definition
absorbtion inhibitors (Zocor, zetia)
Term
which type of antilipedemic is most likely to cause constipation
Definition
bile acid sequestrants
Term
most common side effect of nitrates
Definition
headache (fast vasodilation causes)
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