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Peds - Chapter 31
Vocab
43
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
08/04/2013

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Term
anuria
Definition
Complete cessation of urine production by the kidneys.
Term
azotemia
Definition
Accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
Term
balanitis
Definition
Inflammation or infection of the glans penis.
Term
bladder exstrophy
Definition
A rare congenital defect in which the posterior bladder wall extrudes through the lower abdominal wall.
Term
chordee
Definition
A fibrous line of tissue that results in ventral curvature of the penile shaft.
Term
circumcision
Definition
Surgical removal of the foreskin.
Term
cryptorchidism
Definition
Undescended testes.
Term
cystitis
Definition
Infection of the bladder.
Term
dialysate
Definition
The solution used in dialysis.
Term
disequilibrium syndrome
Definition
Occurs during or soon after the dialysis and results from cerebral edema caused by a drop in plasma osmolality during dialysis.
Term
diurnal enuresis
Definition
Enuresis occurring during the day.
Term
dysfunctional voiding
Definition
An abnormality in the storage or emptying phase of urination.
Term
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Definition
Irreversible kidney failure.
Term
enuresis
Definition
Involuntary micturition by a child who has reached the age at which bladder control is expected.
Term
epispadias
Definition
A congenital anomaly involving an abnormal location of the urethral meatus in males; the meatal opening is located on the dorsal surface of the penile shaft.
Term
glomerular filtration rate
Definition
Refers to the filtration of plasma and is mainly influenced by hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
Term
glomerulonephritis
Definition
Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidneys.
Term
hydronephrosis
Definition
Collection of urine in the renal pelvis as a result of obstructed outflow.
Term
hypospadias
Definition
A congenital anomaly involving an abnormal location of the urethral meatus in males; the urethral meatus may be located anywhere along the course of the anterior urethra on the ventral surface of the penile shaft, from the perineum to the tip of the glans.
Term
incarceration
Definition
Occurs when the presence of intestine in the groin causes constriction of the blood supply to the scrotal sac, leading to intestinal strangulation and testicular ischemia.
Term
inguinal hernia
Definition
A painless inguinal or scrotal swelling of variable size that results when a portion of an abdominal organ or tissue protrudes into the groin.
Term
nephron
Definition
The functional unit of the kidney that contributes to the formation of urine.
Term
nephrotic syndrome (NS)
Definition
An alternation in kidney function secondary to increased glomerular basement membrane permeability to plasma protein.
Term
neurogenic bladder
Definition
The result of urinary tract obstruction related to an interrupted nerve supply to the bladder.
Term
nocturnal enuresis
Definition
Enuresis that occurs at night.
Term
obstructive uropathy
Definition
Structural or functional abnormalities of the urinary system that interfere with urine flow and can result in kidney damage and underdevelopment of the lungs.
Term
oliguria
Definition
Diminished urine output (less than 0.5 to 1 mL/kg/hr).
Term
paraphimosis
Definition
When the foreskin cannot be returned to its normal position over the glans, causing constriction of the penis and resulting in swelling of the glans and obstruction of penile blood flow.
Term
phimosis
Definition
When the foreskin over the glans penis cannot be retracted.
Term
posterior urethral valve (PUV)
Definition
Abnormal folds of mucosa in the male urethra.
Term
pyelonephritis
Definition
Upper UTI involving the ureters, renal pelvis, and renal parenchyma.
Term
pyeloplasty
Definition
Removal of an obstructed segment of the ureter and reimplantation into the renal pelvis.
Term
renal failure
Definition
An acute or chronic condition that occurs when the kidney is unable to excrete wastes and concentrate urine.
Term
renal insufficiency
Definition
Decrease in the kidneys' ability to conserve sodium and concentrate the urine.
Term
renal osteodystrophy
Definition
A complex bone disease process of chronic kidney disease in which there is increased resorption of bone caused by chronic hyperparathyroidism.
Term
renal replacement therapy
Definition
The treatment for kidney failure, including dialysis and kidney transplantation.
Term
testicular torsion
Definition
An emergency condition in which the testis suddenly rotates on its spermatic cord, obstructing its blood supply.
Term
uremia
Definition
Toxicity resulting from the buildup of urea and nitrogenous waste in the blood.
Term
uremic frost
Definition
Urea crystals deposited on the skin.
Term
ureteral stent
Definition
A device used to maintain patency of the ureter allowing urine flow from the kidney to bladder.
Term
urethral stent
Definition
A device used to maintain patency of the ureteral canal and allow urine to flow from the bladder through the urethra.
Term
urethritis
Definition
Infection of the urethra.
Term
vesicoureteral reflux
Definition
The backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters during voiding.
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