Shared Flashcard Set

Details

PEDS 2 CC
Info for test 2 for chris
80
Nursing
Not Applicable
07/07/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Causes of children death (4)
Definition
  1. car crashes
  2. fires
  3. drowning
  4. homicide
Term
external influences that affect health (6)
Definition
  1. poverty
  2. stress
  3. family structure
  4. school & child care
  5. community
  6. culture
Term
Consequences of stress on health (4)
Definition
  1. frequent resp illnesses
  2. frequent GI illnesses
  3. increased risk for injury
  4. long term (HTN, stroke, heart attack)
Term
Usual age of first cigarette
Definition
9-14 yrs
Term
What is the most preventable cause of adult death in US?
Definition
tobacco use
Term
what % of adults begin smoking before 18 YOA?
Definition
80%
Term
Most common age for poisoning
Definition
1-4 yrs
Term
common age for ingestion of foreign objects
Definition
6 mo- 3 yrs
Term
vaccine
Definition
introduce antigens into body
Term
antigen
Definition
foreign substance that triggers immune response
Term
antibody
Definition
protein made by the body in response to antigen
Term

chickenpox (varicella)

-transmission

-nursing

Definition
  • airborne, direct contact
  • isolation
Term

Coxsackievirus (herpangina; hand, foot & mouth disease)

-transmission

-nursing

Definition

- fecal-oral & resp

-isolation, topical lotions, cool drinks

Term

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

-transmission

-nursing

Definition

- resp secretions and blood

- isolation, fever control, soothing baths (oatmeal)

Term

haemophilus influenzae type B

-transmission

-nursing

Definition

- direct contact or droplet

- isolation, prophylaxis for contact, antipyretics

Term

Measles (Rubeola)

-transmission

-nursing

Definition

- airborne, droplet and contact

- isolation, antitussives, antipyretics and monitor resp status

Term

Mononucleosis

-transmission

-nursing

Definition

- direct contact with secretions

- antipyretics, bedrest during acute phase

Term

Pertussis (whooping cough)

- transmission

- more severe at ?

- nursing

Definition

- resp droplets, direct contact with secretions

- night

- isolation, monitor resp status and dehydration

Term

Rotavirus

- season

- transmission

- nursing

Definition

- jan to march

fecal to oral route

- hand hygiene and monitor I&O

Term
normal respirations for infant
Definition
40-60/min
Term
normal resp rate in children
Definition
20-30/min
Term
Isotonic
Definition
  • loss of Na and water equal
  • serum sodium is normal
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
  • more sodium is lost than water
  • serum sodium is low
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
  • more water is lost than sodium
  • serum sodium is high
Term
What is the major concern is burn children?
Definition
FLUID LOSS!!
Term
Infant pH
Definition
7.36-7.42
Term
Adult pH
Definition
7.35-7.45
Term
child pH
Definition
7.37-7.43
Term
Adolescent pH
Definition
7.35-7.41
Term
Causes of resp acidosis (2)
Definition
  1. asthma
  2. resp failure
Term
causes of resp alkalosis (7)
Definition
  1. hyperventilation
  2. anxiety
  3. pain
  4. fever
  5. aspirin toxicity
  6. sepsis
  7. mechanical overventilation
Term

Causes of metabolic acidosis (2)

 

Definition
  1. DKA
  2. severe anorexia
Term
causes metabolic alkalosis (2)
Definition
  1. prolonged vomiting
  2. excess suctioning
Term
Infant's eustachian tube is
Definition
shorter, wider and more horizontal than adults
Term
visual acuity of an infant
Definition
20/100 to 20/400
Term
2-3 yr visual acuity
Definition
20/50
Term
6-7 yr visual acuity
Definition
20/20
Term
rule of 6
Definition
6 mo first tooth; 6 yrs lose first tooth
Term
Up to what age are children obligatory nose breathers?
Definition
6 months
Term

Conjunctivitis ("pink eye")

-tx

Definition
  1. bacterial: ATB
  2. viral: comfort measures
  3. allergen: anithistamines, mast-cell stabliziers
Term
Cellulitis (periorbital)
Definition
  • infection of eyelid and surrounding tissues
  • usually bacterial
  • tx: IV ATB
Term
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
Definition
  • retina normally vascularizes around 8 mo
  • impairment to complete vision loss
  • laser therapy or surgical procedures
  • minimize light exposure and titrate O2 closely
Term
Common age of eye injuries
Definition
  •  9-11; boys 11-15
Term
Myringotomy
Definition
tubes in ears
Term
Otitis media
Definition
  • inflammation with or without infection in middle ear
  • neraly all children by 7 YOA
  • peak incidence 2 YOA
  • cause: eustachian tube dysfunction
  • ATB tx
Term
Otitis externa
Definition
  • inflammation of soft tissues and skin of ear
  • "Swimmer's ear"
  • irritated canal easily infected
  • tx: clean, ATB gtts, steriod gtts
Term
Hearing impairment
Definition
  • 2/100 affected
  • tx: early detection, cochlear implants, hearing aids
  • SOME FORMS UNTREATABLE!
Term
Pharyngitis
Definition
  • infection of pharynx and tonsils
  • rare under 1 YOA; common 4-7 YOA
  • 80% viral; 20% bacterial
  • tx: bacterial- ATB, viral- comfort care
Term
tonsillitis
Definition
  • infection and hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils
  • tx: viral- comfort, bacterial- ATB
Term
adenoiditis
Definition
  • infection can be acute or chronic
  • bacterial or viral
  • nasal issues
  • tx: surgical removable
Term
Vision screening should be done by
Definition
5 YOA
Term
retraction
Definition
pulling stomach muscles under ribs and xiphiod process
Term
Upper airway for newborn
Definition
  • obligatory nose breather
  • nasal patency is critical
  • suck, swallow and breath to grow
Term
Lower airway
Definition
  • alveoli change size and shape, increase in number
  • smooth muscles of bronchi and bronchioles
  • intercoastal muscles immature
  • ribs are primarily cartiladge
Term
acute resp distress
Definition
  • foreign body aspiration
  • croup syndrome
  • epiglottitis
  • viral and bacterial resp infection
Term
chronic resp distress
Definition
  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • asthma
  • cystic fibrosis
  • bronchopulmonary dysplasias
Term
mild resp distress
Definition
  • restlessness
  • tachypnea
  • tachycardia
  • diaphoresis
Term
moderate resp distress
Definition
  • nasal flaring
  • retractions
  • grunting, wheezing
  • anxiety, irritability, mood changes, confusion
  • HTN
Term
severe resp distress
Definition
  • dyspnea
  • bradycardia
  • cyanosis
  • stupor, coma
Term
Foreign body aspiration
Definition
  • food, toys, coins, latex balloons common
  • right lung most common d/t straighter tube to right lung
  • no other s/sx of illness
  • may be asymptomatic after coughing 15-30 min then resp distress
Term
Croup
Definition
  • broad term for upper airway illness
  • 3 mo- 3 yrs
  • NO ATB
  • needs cool air and humidity
  • abrupt onset normally at night
  • barky cough
  • hoarse voice
Term
epiglottitis
Definition
  • potentially life threatening
  • usually caused by hib
  • 2-8 yrs
  • fever, drooling, difficulty swallowing, tripod positioning
Term
bronchitis
Definition
  • usually viral
  • dry hacking cough
  • worse at night
  • ribs/chest hurt
Term
bronchiolitis
Definition
  • RSV and other virus main cause
  • dyspnea, retractions, dehydration, trouble swallowing, wheezing, cough and fever
Term
pneumonia
Definition
  • viral, mycoplasmal and bacterial
  • fever, abnormal BrSo
  • bacterial is more severe and septic
Term
transition to extrauterine life (all within 24 hrs after birth)
Definition
  • systemic vascular resistance increases
  • foramen ovale closes
  • ductus arteriosus constricts; closes within 10-15 hrs after birth
  • left ventricle enlarges d/t increased pressure
Term
What happens first resp or cardiac failure?
Definition
resp
Term
PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)
Definition
  • persistant fetal circulation
  • very common in preterm
  • can be closed with meds, devices or surgery
  • prognosis good
Term
ASD (atrial septal defect)
Definition
  • opening in atrial septum left to irght shunting
  • opening may be small or large
  • very common heart defect
  • closure is spontaneous, devices or surgery
  • prognosis good if closed
Term
VSD (ventricular septum defect)
Definition
  • opening in venticular septum, left to right septum
  • most common defect
  • may close spontaneously or surgery
  • prognosis is high risk if repair needed in first few months of life
Term
AV canal
Definition
  • ASD, VSD, tricuspid and mitral valve defects
  • affects down syndrome babies
  • repair: surgical
  • Prognosis: mitral valve insufficient and arrhythmias
Term
Defects that increase pulmonary blood flow
Definition
  • PDA
  • ASD
  • VSD
  • AV Canal
Term
defects that decrease pulmonary blood flow
Definition
  • PS
  • TOF
  • pulmonary or tricuspid atresia
Term
PS (pulmonic stenosis)
Definition
  • narrowing of pulmonary valve
  • second most common defect
  • repair: dilate with balloon or surgical valvotomy
  • prognosis good with repair
Term
tetraology of fallot
Definition
  • four defects: PS, right ventricular hypertrophy, VSD and overriding aorta
  • elevated right heart pressure, right to left shunt
  • repair: surgical
  • prognosis: improved quality of life
Term
pulmonary or tricuspid atresia
Definition
  • right side of heart not developed
  • repair: surgical (E1 prostaglandin)
  • Prognosis: right ventricular dysfunction is common
Term
defects that obstruct systemic blood flow
Definition
  • AS
  • COA
  • HLHS
Term
rheumatic fever
Definition
  • group A beta-hemolytic strep
  • clinical manifestations: heart, joints, brain, skin
  • tx: ATB, steriods and aspirin
Term
Kawasaki's
Definition
  • fever, hyperemia, lymph node enlargement, cracking skin and coronary artery aneurisms
  • tx: IV IGG
  • aspirin for anti inflammatory and antiplatelet
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