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Pediatrics-Part 1
Basic chaps 10, 70
122
Nursing
Professional
10/17/2010

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Cards

Term
A sign of good cepholocodal/prosimal-distal growth?
Definition
Use of fine motor skills (eg, finger dexterity.
Term
Factors that affect growth and development come from what two factors?
Definition
Genetic and environmental.
Term
Number of siblings a child has is what kind of factor?
Definition
environmental.
Term
Erickson: stage and age that a child learns rules, distinguishes male from female?
Definition
Initiative v guilt: ages 3-6.
Term
Piaget: stage and age: seriation, reversibility, conservation of matter?
Definition
Concrete operations: 7-11.
Term
Child born at 8 lbs. What is his expected weight at 6 months?
Definition
16 lbs.
Term
Child born at 7 lbs. What is her expected weight at 12 months?
Definition
21 lbs.
Term
Child born at 6 lbs. When can he be expected to weigh 18 lbs?
Definition
12 months.
Term
When does a baby achieve a social smile?
Definition
3 months.
Term
What kind of play can you expect from a 4-year-old among friends?
Definition
Parallel play - no actual interaction.
Term
When do the first teeth come in?
Definition
6 months.
Term
Key element to bonding?
Definition
skin-to-skin contact.
Term
Oral stage at what age?
Definition
4-8 months.
Term
Stranger anxiety at what age?
Definition
12 months.
Term
First solid foods: what and when?
Definition
Iron-fortified; 6 months.
Term
Leaving the bottle in the crib puts baby at risk for what?
Definition
bottle-mouth: teeth grow in improperly.
Term
Major task for toddler?
Definition
toilet training.
Term
Vocabulary of the 18-month-old?
Definition
20-30 words.
Term
At what age can a child be expected to give full name and age?
Definition
4 yrs.
Term
At what age do most phobias surface?
Definition
pre-school (5-6).
Term
Erikson: age and challenge: develop relationships outside the home, accomplishments at school. Sibling rivalries?
Definition
industry v inferiority.
Term
Term to describe family home with both biological parents?
Definition
nuclear family.
Term
Where are hereditary traits found?
Definition
chromosomes.
Term
Age at which child can sit up?
Definition
7 months.
Term
At what age do children begin to put words together into sentences?
Definition
18 months-2 yrs.
Term
Age to start weaning?
Definition
4-6 months.
Term
Solid foods: time between introduction of new foods?
Definition
1 week.
Term
What NOT to feed during first year?
Definition
honey: leads to botulism.
Term
Toilet training time?
Definition
18-24 months.
Term
Self-feeding toddler: foods to avoid?
Definition
grapes, peanuts, raw veggies, meats with skins (choking hazards).
Term
Piaget: stage and age: investigation, exploration, self point-of-view only?
Definition
preoperational; 2-7 yrs.
Term
Age of competitive play?
Definition
6-11.
Term
Piaget: stage that imaginary friends are invented?
Definition
preoperational.
Term
11-year-old develops an appreciation for what kind of play?
Definition
competitive.
Term
Hearing loss from ages 40-65?
Definition
prespycusis.
Term
presbycusis?
Definition
hearing loss between ages 40-65.
Term
loss of vision between ages 40-65?
Definition
presbyopia.
Term
presbyopia?
Definition
loss of vision between ages 40-65.
Term
Failure to achieve ego integrity results in?
Definition
despair.
Term
Hereditary-based theory would be known as?
Definition
biological-programming theory.
Term
Test commonly used to identify developmental delays?
Definition
Denver-II development Screen Test (DDST).
Term
Time for DPT immunization?
Definition
2 months.
Term
Age language development begins?
Definition
1 yr.
Term
Age successful completion of schoolwork becomes important?
Definition
6 yrs.
Term
In which phase of separation anxiety does the child reject hospital personnel and demand his own caregivers?
Definition
Protest.
Term
In which phase of separation anxiety does the child withdraw and resort to thumb-sucking and refusal to play or eat?
Definition
Despair.
Term
In which phase of separation anxiety does the child show signs of regecting family?
Definition
Denail (detachment).
Term
During which phase of separation anxiety is the child's need for family the greatest?
Definition
Denial.
Term
Under what conditions is taking oral temperature hazardous?
Definition
- unconscious patient
- patient under 2 yrs
- patient with mouth problems.
Term
BY THE BOOK, how should an IV be protected in a child?
Definition
Insert IV, THEN splint the limb.
Term
Normal head-chest measurment comparison at birth?
Definition
Head 2-3 inches larger than chest.
Term
When should a child's head and chest circumferences be about the same?
Definition
1-2 yrs of age.
Term
Normal head-chest measurement comparison at 5-6 yrs?
Definition
Chest 2-3 inches larger than head.
Term
When should a child's chest circumference be 2-3 inches larger than the head?
Definition
5-6 yrs of age.
Term
Nursing consideration regarding suppository administration to a child?
Definition
Press buttocks together to hold it in.
Term
How to determine proper BP cuff size?
Definition
bladder portion of cuff covers 2/3 of upper arm. No overlap of bladder.
Term
Nursing considerations regarding pediatric IV therapy?
Definition
- always use a pump
- infiltration alarms can't be trusted; check site regularly.
Term
Nursing action to cool a child's temperature?
Definition
- bath
- give fluids
- keep patient calm (crying increases temp).
Term
Benefit of an oxy-hood?
Definition
can give high flow-rates.
Term
What to do when preparing a child for surgery?
Definition
VOID.
Term
Term used to describe method of promoting healthy children?
Definition
"Health maintenance".
Term
Tool used to identify possible developmental delays?
Definition
Denver-II Developmental Screening Test (DDST).
Term
DPT, Hib, polio immunization schedule for children?
Definition
at 2 months, then at 4 months.
Term
Child assessment: what is not developed by 1 year of age?
Definition
speech.
Term
Developmental milestone (Erikson challenge) of the school-aged child?
Definition
industry v inferiority.
Term
When caring for adolescents, how should issues regarding STDs, menstrual issues, or other sex-related issues be presented?
Definition
honest and non-judgmental facts. Answer questions honestly. Provide written documentation for those too shy to raise questions openly.
Term
When should a baby be weaned?
Definition
by 12 months.
Term
When providing patient teaching to young children, what must be considered?
Definition
comprehension level of the child. Provide simple directions in age-appropriate language.
Term
Newborn vitals?
Definition
Pulse: 120-160,
Resp: 30-60,
SBP: 74-100,
DBP: 50-70.
Term
Toddler vital signs?
Definition
Pulse: 80-140,
Resp: 20-30,
SBP: 80-112,
DBP: 50-80.
Term
Preschooler vital signs?
Definition
Pulse: 70-115,
Resp: 20-25,
SBP: 82-110,
DBP: 50-78.
Term
School-aged vital signs?
Definition
Pulse: 65-110,
Resp: 17-22,
SBP: 84-120,
DBP: 54-80.
Term
Adolescent vital signs?
Definition
Pulse: 60-90,
Resp: 15-20,
SBP: 94-140,
DBP: 62-88.
Term
Maximum enema volume for a pre-schooler?
Definition
250-350 ml.
Term
Proper way to take pulse on child under 2 yrs?
Definition
apical.
Term
Signs of respiratory distress
Definition
- apprehension
- restlesness
- panic
- tachycardia
- tachypnea
- nasal flaring
- wheezing
- stridor
- cyanosis/pallor
- expiratory grunt
- retractions
- shallow breaths
- head-bobing
Term
What causes Rey's syndrome?
Definition
treating children's viral fever with aspirin. (actual cause unknown. There is an apparent correlation between the above treatment and Rey's)
Term
Where should an IM shot be given to a 3-year-old?
Definition
vastus laterus (thigh).
Term
How to decrease anxiety in kids staying in the hospital?
Definition
bring a familiar object from home.
Term
Primary cause of cardiac arrest in a child?
Definition
respiratory distress.
Term
O2 administration to an infant. What to consider?
Definition
Warm the supply to prevent body heat loss.
Term
A sign of respiratory arrest that involves cyanosis around the eyes and lips?
Definition
circumoral cyanosis.
Term
Best way to provide oxygen to an infant?
Definition
use a hood.
Term
Best way to provide oxygen to an older child or adolescent?
Definition
cannula.
Term
How can you help a child express fears they may have regarding their hospital stay?
Definition
role-play with dolls.
Term
What are two things role-playing with dolls can accomplish?
Definition
1- help child express fears,
2- demonstrate procedures child will undergo.
Term
When triaging children for care, what to consider?
Definition
ABCs, use vital signs as a clue.
Term
possible effect of prolonged oxygen therapy?
Definition
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Term
What is the best way to prepare a child for an injection?
Definition
Honest description.
Term
When taking vitals, what is the best to start with for a child?
Definition
respiration.
Term
Pre-op guidelines for preparing a child for surgery?
Definition
Tour the hospital first. Allow hands-on where appropriate. Have child help pack for trip. Meet with surgical staff before operation.
Term
Pre-op preparation: Day of surgery?
Definition
- VOID
- remove jewelry, etc
- gown
- ID band.
Term
Where to propery measure head circumference?
Definition
above ear line, across temple (hat-line).
Term
When is the best time to take daily weights on an infant?
Definition
same time every day, BEFORE feeding.
Term
Purpose of a mist tent?
Definition
liquify secretions, aid in breathing.
Term
What is children's work and their means of communication?
Definition
play.
Term
These two practices combined has proved to be the most effective method of promoting the growth and development of healthy children?
Definition
Health supervision,
Health maintenance.
Term
Primary emphasis in today's pediatric healthcare?
Definition
health maintenance.
Term
type of central venous line used for long-term cancer chemotherapy or other IV medications?
Definition
PICC line.
Term
OFC?
Definition
occipital-frontal circumference.
Term
Pediatrics requires knowledge of developmental _____, to help determine developmental delays?
Definition
milestones.
Term
What kind of children are especially susceptible to communicable diseases?
Definition
very young.
Term
What may be needed to remind children no to pull on tubes or pick at suture lines?
Definition
restraints.
Term
How often should restraints be removed and reapplied on children?
Definition
1-2 hrs.
Term
How often should circulation be checked on a child in restraints?
Definition
hourly.
Term
When is MMR1 given?
Definition
after 12 months.
Term
When is MMR2 given?
Definition
4-6 yrs.
Term
When is Hep B-1 given?
Definition
within 12 hrs of birth.
Term
When is polio vaccine given?
Definition
2/4/6 months.
Term
When is varicella vaccine given?
Definition
12 months.
Term
What three evaluations are critical in the preschool years?
Definition
speech, hearing, vision.
Term
Over how much time is a bolus tube feeding usually given?
Definition
30 minutes.
Term
How to describe BP measurement to a young child?
Definition
"Checking to see how strong your heart is."
Term
Best place to see anemia in dark-skinned clients?
Definition
gums; they look greyish.
Term
Importance of nutrition in children?
Definition
bone and muscle development.
Term
When do height and weight gains slow down?
Definition
by age 3.
Term
Assessment reveals hair tufts on the back. What to do?
Definition
Report to RN/MD. Indication of spina bifida.
Term
After feeding, what is the best position to put an infant?
Definition
Right side because stomach curves that way.
Term
What to do before beginning a gavage feeding?
Definition
check placement and residual.
Term
Time limit on suctioning an infant?
Definition
5 seconds.
Term
If feeding is difficult, what can be done?
Definition
provide large amounts of nutritious fluids.
Term
How to minimize bad taste of medicine?
Definition
serve through a straw.
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