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PDA Exam 2, Part 2
Acetate Derivatives
35
Pharmacology
Professional
02/20/2012

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What primary metabolic products can Acetyl CoA Cycle produce?
Definition

Malonyl CoA → Fatty Acids

 

Isoprene → Squalene → steroids

Term
What secondary metabolic products can Malonyl CoA and Fatty Acids produce?
Definition
Fats and waxes, tetracyclins, antraquinones
Term
What secondary metabolic products can isoprenes produce?
Definition
Terpenes
Term
What secondary metabolic products can squalene produce?
Definition
Steroids
Term
Define primary lipids
Definition
Triglycerides and related compounds

-Fixed oils
-fats
-compound lipids
-waxes
-mineral oils
-paraffin
Term
Define secondary lipid
Definition
Lipids related only by common source and solubility

-Polyketides
-Terpenoids/steroids
-Phenylpropanoids
Term
Define waxes
Definition
Single fatty acid esters and alcohols
Term
Define lipid
Definition
Neutral or acidic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in the non-polar solvents
Term
Define volatile oils
Definition

Essential oils and essences

 

Composed of small aliphatic and aromatic molecules

 

Low boiling point

Term
Define fixed oil
Definition
3 mixed fatty acid esters attached to glycerol

High boiling point
Term
Define aromatic water
Definition
A volatile oil/essence with potent odors and flavors
Term
Define resins
Definition
Solid, amorphous, complex lipid mixtures

For example, oleoresins and balsams
Term
Give two examples of an oleoresin
Definition
Turpentine, capsicum
Term
Define balsam
Definition
A resin containing benzoic or cinnamic acids
Term
Define latexes
Definition
Aqueous suspensions of lipids, very variable
Term
Give some examples of fixed oils
Definition
-Castor
-Olive
-Peanut
-Soybean
-Sesame
-Cottonseed
-Corn
-Safflower, etc
Term
What does it mean if a fatty acid is unsaturated?
Definition
It contains one or more double bond (mono or polyunsaturated)
Term
What are the building blocks of cholesterol and other steroids?
Definition
Acetate (then squalene)
Term
List three types of steroidal drugs
Definition
1. Plant steroids/sterols
2. Steroid hormones
3. Semi/synthetic steroid drugs
Term
List two plant steroids/sterols
Definition
Cardiac steroids, Sitosterol
Term
Give two examples of a semi/synthetic steroid drug
Definition
Corticosteroids, anabolic steroids
Term
Describe the basic structure of a steroid
Definition
3 six-carbon rings and 1 five-carbon ring
Term
List four antibiotics derived from acetate metabolism
Definition
1. Tetracyclines
2. Antineoplastic anthracycline derivative
3. Macrolide antibiotic
4. Polyenes
Term
Define polyene
Definition
Having many double bonds
Term
Briefly describe how tetracyclines are biosynthesized
Definition
From acetate through a linear C-19 polyketide
Term
What characterizes a macrolide antibiotic?
Definition
A macrolactone ring glycosidically linked to one or more sugars
Term
List three macrolide antibiotics
Definition
1. Erythromycin
2. Oleandomycin
3. Vancymycin
Term
Define prostaglandin
Definition
C-20 lipid metabolites formed in the body from essential, unsaturated fatty acids (formed into arachidonic acid)

Very short half-life
Term
What two non-animal organisms can produce prostaglandins?
Definition
1. Peanuts (only arachidonic acid)
2. Coral (can make prostaglandins)
Term
From where are semi-synthetic prostaglandins derived?
Definition
Gorgonian coral

(semi-synthetic because real prostaglandins have very short half-lives)
Term
Define activated isoprenoids
Definition
5 carbon structures made by activating mevalonic acid with ATP

Later can form terpenoids, including squalene
Term
Define terpenoids
Definition
Volatile structures of multiple isoprenoids

ex. C5= hemiterpene
C10=monoterpene
C30=triterpene (including squalene)
Cn= rubber (many isoprenes)

Also in perfumes
Term
What comprises the scent of a flower?
Definition
Complex mixtures of terpenes and non-terpenes

Molecular composition and sterochemistry are important
Term
Define phenylpropanoids
Definition
Benzene structures (in addition to terpenes) important in volatile oils
Term
List four phenylpropanoids
Definition
1. Lignin- polymer of woody plants
2. Methyl salicylate
3. Eugenol
4. Cinnamaldehyde
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