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Pathophysiology - NUR 303
Final Exam
115
Science
Undergraduate 3
12/19/2006

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Cards

Term
Antibodies cannot protect a host against viral infection.
Definition
False
Term
Most antigens react directly with the cells of the immune system.
Definition
False
Term
Some forms of severe combined immunodeficiency can be caused by a single gene defect.
Definition
True
Term
Immune deficiencies can be either congenital or acquired.
Definition
True
Term
Persons with blood type O are considered universal recipients.
Definition
Flase
Term
Antibodies to HIV appear within weeks of transmission through blood products, but within months after sexual transmission.
Definition
True
Term
Colonization is the first stage of infection.
Definition
True
Term
Disease caused by fungi are called mycoses.
Definition
True
Term
Stress has no effect on the development of cancer.
Definition
False
Term
Early treatment is fever is important because fever has no theraputic benefit.
Definition
False
Term
Large A Delta fibers carry sharp, localized pain sensation.
Definition
True
Term
Because spinal cord swelling increases the degree of dysfunction, it is difficult to distinguish between permanent and temporary loss of function until swelling has resolved.
Definition
True
Term
Guillain-Barre syndrome causes sensory neuropathy.
Definition
False
Term
Most people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis live symptom free for atleast 10 years.
Definition
False
Term
Autonomic hyperreflexia is most likely to occur before spinal shock is resolved.
Definition
True
Term
Huntingtons Disease is inherited as an autosomal disease with high penetrance.
Definition
True
Term
The peripheral nervous system is the main location of lesions in multiple sclerosis.
Definition
False
Term
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIDH) is characterized by increased levels of diuretic hormone.
Definition
False
Term
One function of the thyroid gland is to regulate metabolism.
Definition
True
Term
The brain does not require insulin for glucose uptake.
Definition
True
Term
The tentorium is located in the brain stem.
Definition
False
Term
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus do not affect the release of antidiuretic.
Definition
False
Term
The neural center that controls normal breathing is believed to be located in the brain stem.
Definition
True
Term
Most of the blood vessels involved in the control of blood pressure are innervated be the sympathetic nervous system.
Definition
True
Term
Parathyroid hormone mainly functions to control circulating magnesium.
Definition
False
Term
Thyroid storm can be a life threatening situation.
Definition
True
Term
One result of lack of negative feedback to the parathyroid gland is bone demineralization.
Definition
True
Term
The thymus is part of the endocrine system.
Definition
True
Term
Cortisol is necessary for life.
Definition
True
Term
Fever is part of a complex, integrated cascade of behavioral, neurologic, and endocrine responses to an exogenous pyrogen.
Definition
True
Term
At birth, samples of blood from the umbilical cord indicate immunoglobulin levels, if any, are near adult leavel?
Definition
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
Term
Which component of the immune system is deficient in people with infections caused by viruses, fungi, or yeast?
Definition
T Cells
Term
Which of the following is a characteristic of the human immondeficiency virus (HIV)?
Definition
The virus is retrovirus
Term
What is colonization?
Definition
The presence of a pathogen on or in the body without tissue invasion.
Term
What is the major cause of death worldwide?
Definition
Infectious Disease
Term
Stress induced stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include _________.
Definition
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Term
One systemic manifestation of an acute imflammatory response is fever that is produced by:
Definition
exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the hypothalamus.
Term
What are characteristics of cancer in siti?
Definition
cells remain localized in glandular or squamous tissue.
Term
After the malignant charge of the original cell, it must undergo ______ population doublings to produce a detectable tumor weighing about 1 gram.
Definition
20
Term
What is the most common route for distant metastasis?
Definition
lymphatics
Term
What is an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?
Definition
increases blood sugar levels.
Term
______ pain is a warning of actual or impending tissue injury.
Definition
Acute
Term
Pain ________ is the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before outwardly responding.
Definition
tolerance
Term
What occurs when one has "pinkeye"?
Definition
inflammation of the conjunctiva
Term
Clinical manifestation of Parkinson disease are caused by a defecit of which neurotransmitter?
Definition
dopamine
Term
Diagnostic criteria for vegatative states include:
Definition
return of autonomic functions, i.e. gastrointestinal function.
Term
Why is edema of the upper cervical spinal cord after cord injury life threatening?
Definition
because of apnea from impairment of the diaphragm
Term
What complication is occurring for a person who has a spinal cord injury above T6 and who is experiencing paroxysmal hypertension and has piloerection and sweating above the spinal cord lesion?
Definition
autonomic hyperreflexia
Term
Which vascular malformation is characterized by arteries that feed directly into veins through vascular tangles of abnormal vessels?
Definition
arteriovenous angioma
Term
What hormone or electrolyte imbalance slows down the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone?
Definition
increased serum calcium
Term
Which is characteristic of Guillain-Barre syndrome?
Definition
it is preceded by a virus
Term
Which are characteristics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Definition
it results in upper and lower motor neuron degeneration.
Term
Which areas of the spinal cord are most easily injured?
Definition
cervical and lumbar regions
Term
A patient begins having problems with weakness, tiredness, and visual changes. Her diagnosis is multiple sclerosis. Which is the best description of MS?
Definition
It is a central nervous system demyelination, possibly from an immunogenic virus.
Term
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate thyroid hormones and is inhibited when plasma levels of thyroid hormone are adequate. This is an example of what kinds of hormone regulation?
Definition
negative feedback
Term
Where is antidiuretic hormone synthesized and where does it act?
Definition
synthesized in the hypothalamus, acts in renal collecting ducts.
Term
When palpating the neck of a patient with Graves disease, what would the nurse expect to find?
Definition
diffuse thyroid enlargement.
Term
What is not a type of cerebrovascular accident?
Definition
splenic
Term
What group is at highest risk for spinal cord injury?
Definition
Men 20-50
Term
What is an example of an exogenous antigen?
Definition
bacteria
Term
The male and female genital organs are homologous before 8 weeks gestation.
Definition
True
Term
Production of sperm begins during fetal life.
Definition
False
Term
At puberty the uterus moves down from the abdomen to the lower pelvis between the bladder and the rectom.
Definition
False
Term
Estrogen is needed for closure of long bones after the growth spurt in puberty.
Definition
True
Term
Prevention of constipation and treatment of chronic cough may help prevent uterine prolapse .
Definition
True
Term
In a person with endrometriosis, endometrial tissue is sometimes found in the lungs.
Definition
True
Term
Serum is plasma that has been altered in the laboratory to remove fibrinogen and other elements which are unnecessary to the sample.
Definition
False
Term
Erythrocytes and platelet lack nuclei.
Definition
True
Term
Aging causes major changes in blood composition.
Definition
False
Term
Anemia of a chronic disease is initially normochromic and normocytic, but as the disease progresses usually becomes hypochromic and microcytic.
Definition
True
Term
A shift to the left describes the premature release of immature neutrophils when the demand for mature neutrophils exceeds the demand.
Definition
True
Term
Arterial thrombi are composed of erythrocytes with larger amounts of fibrin and very few platelets, whereas venous thrombi are composed of mostly platelets held together by fibrin strands.
Definition
False
Term
Blood within the atria and ventricles does not supply oxygen to the cells of the heart.
Definition
False
Term
The sinoatrial node must be stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system in order to produce an action potential.
Definition
False
Term
Veins are less compliant then arteries.
Definition
True
Term
Although the heart is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, neural impulses are not needed to maintain the cardiac cycle.
Definition
True
Term
Athersclerosis is an inflammatory disease.
Definition
True
Term
Decreasing low density lipoproteins (LDL) can cause regression of atherosclerotic lesions and improve endothelial function.
Definition
True
Term
Even though air is lighter than blood, it can form and embolism and cause occlusion of a blood vessel.
Definition
True
Term
Reynaud disease is characterized by vasospasms of large peripheral arteries.
Definition
False
Term
Angina pectoris is caused by myocardial ischemia.
Definition
True
Term
Mitral valve prolapse may be asymptomatic.
Definition
True
Term
Somogyi effect makes regulation of insulin dosing difficult.
Definition
True
Term
The only complication of type 1 diabetis is diabetic neuropathy.
Definition
False
Term
Polycythemia is a disease causing reduction in the number of circulating blood cells.
Definition
False
Term
One complication of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura is occlusion of capillaries.
Definition
True
Term
Precapillary sphincters help to regulate the flow of oxygenated blood through capillaries.
Definition
True
Term
The most common cause of deep vein thrombosis is immobility.
Definition
True
Term
Secondary dysmenorrhea occurs in the presence of pelvic disease.
Definition
True
Term
Vulvitis is a form of dermatitis.
Definition
True
Term
Sexual anorexia may be a manifestation of medication.
Definition
True
Term
Eighty percent of men over 80 years of age experience benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Definition
True
Term
Gynecomastia is inappropriate lactation.
Definition
False
Term
The primary cells of the immune response are lymphocytes.
Definition
True
Term
The active portion of bone marrow is yellow.
Definition
False
Term
____ are a pair of glands that lie posterior to the urinary bladder in a male.
Definition
Cowper's glands
Term
Which of the following is not a normal characteristic of aging in the male reproductive system?
Definition
reduced sperm count
Term
Clinical manifestation in a female patient include irregular or heavy bleeding, passage of large clots, and depletion of iron stores. The patient is experiencing:
Definition
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Term
What description is given when all or most of the cervical endothelium shows cellular features of carcinoma, but underlying tissue is not affected?
Definition
cervical carcinoma in siti
Term
What process occurs when columnar epithelium is replaced by squamous epithelium in the transformation zone?
Definition
metaplasia
Term
____ is a condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis.
Definition
phimosis
Term
Cells that destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus cells without prior exposure are:
Definition
natural killer cells
Term
Where are mature erythrocyes removed from the bloodstream?
Definition
liver
Term
The major physiological manifestation of anemia is:
Definition
ischemia
Term
How does the body compensate for anemia?
Definition
increased rate and depth of breathing
Term
Treatment for polycythemia includes:
Definition
theraputic phlebotomy and radioactive phosphorus.
Term
What is the most significant cause of thrombus formation?
Definition
epithelial injury to blood vessels
Term
What is the most significant cause of thrombus formation?
Definition
epithelial injury to blood vessels
Term
Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why?
Definition
The right and left atria because they are low pressure chambers that serve as storage units for blood.
Term
Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressure?
Definition
left ventricle
Term
What is the function of the papillary muscle?
Definition
to prevent backward expulsion from the atrioventricular valves.
Term
Oxygenated blood flows through the:
Definition
pulmonary artery
Term
Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during myocardial infarction would interrupt blood supply to which part of the heart?
Definition
to the left atrium and lateral wall of the left ventricle.
Term
The cardiac electrical impulse normally begins spontaneously in the SA node because:
Definition
it depolarizes more rapidly than other automatic cells of the heart.
Term
What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?
Definition
deep vein thrombosis
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