Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pathoma
Musculoskeletal Pathology
89
Pathology
Graduate
02/24/2014

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
mutation in achondroplasia
Definition
FGFR3 gene= overexpression inhibits growth
Term
clinical features of achondroplasia
Definition
short extremities with normal seized head and chest
Term
endochondral bone formation
Definition
formation of a cartilage matrix which then is replaced bybont; for long bone growth
Term
intramembranous bone formation
Definition
formation of bone without a preexisting cartilage matrix; flat bones develop
Term
collagen with osteogenesis imperfecta
Definition
Type I
Term
clinical features of osteogenesis imperfecta
Definition
multiple fractures of bones, blue sclera and hearing loss (middl ear bones fracture)
Term
mechanism of osteopetrosis
Definition
poor osteoclast function resulting in abnormally thick, heavy bone that fractures easily
Term
clinical features of osteopetrosis
Definition
bone fractures, anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, vision and hearing impairment, hydrocephalus, RTA
Term
mechanism of hydrocephalus in osteopetrosis
Definition
narrowing of foramen magnum
Term
mechanism of renal tubular acidosis in osteopetrosis
Definition
lack of CA leads to decreased tubular reabsorption of HCO2 leading to metabolic acidosis
Term
activation of Vit D
Definition
25-oh in liver followed by 1-alpha-OH in kidney
Term
actions of Vit D
Definition
intestine= increase absorption of Ca and Phos
kidney = increases reabsorption of Ca and phis
bone = inc resoption of calcium and phosphate
Term
features of rickets
Definition
pigeon breast deformity, frontal bossing, rachitic rosary, bowing of legs
Term
lab findings of osteomalacia
Definition
dec Ca and phos
Inc PTH and inc Alk phos
Term
what determines peak bone mass
Definition
genetics, diet and exercise
Term
causes of osteoporosis
Definition
senile and postmenopausal
Term
clinical features of osteoporosis
Definition
bone pain and fractures in weight bearing areas such as vertebrae, hip and sitar radius
Term
labs in osteoporosis
Definition
all normal; help exclude osteomalacia
Term
treatment of osteoporosis
Definition
exercise, vit D and Ca; bsophosphonates, estrogen replacement therapy debated
Term
mechanism of pagets
Definition
imbalance between osteoclast and osteoblast function
Term
stages of pagets
Definition
1) osteoclastic 2) mixed osteoblastic-osteoclastic and 3) osteoblastic
Term
biopsy of bone in pagets
Definition
mosaic pattern of lamellar bone
Term
clinical features of pagets
Definition
bone pain, increasing hat size, hearing loss, lion like facies
Term
labs in pagets
Definition
isolated elevated all phis
Term
treatment of pagets
Definition
calcitonin (inhibits osteoclast function)
bisophosphonates (induced apoptosis of osteoclasts)
Term
complications of pagets
Definition
high output cardiac failure due to formation of AV shunts in bone; osteosarcoma
Term
seeding of metaphysics vs epiphysis with osteomelitis
Definition
transient bacteremia (child) = metaphysics
open wound bacteremia (adult) = epiphysis
Term
Osteomyelitis
- most common
- sexually active young addle
- salmonella
- DM or IV drug user
- cat or dog nine
- vertebrae
Definition
- S aureus
- N gonorrhea
- salmonella
- pseudomonas
- pasteurella
- TB
Term
XR of osteomyelitis
Definition
lytic focus = sequestrum (abscess) surrounded by sclerosis = involucrum
Term
causes of avascular necrosis
Definition
trauma or fractures, steroids, sickle cell anemia and caisson disease
Term
associated with gardner syndrome
Definition
osteoma
Term
pain resolves with ASA
Definition
osteoid osteoma
Term
location of osteoid osteoma
Definition
long bones (femur)
Term
osteoid osteoma vs osteoblastoma
Definition
osteosarcoma = larger (>2 cm), from vertebra and does not respond to ASA
Term
most common benign tumor of bone
Definition
osteochondroma
Term
overlying cartilage cap
Definition
osteochondroma
Term
risk factors for osteosarcoma
Definition
familial retinoblastoma, Pagets and radiation exposure
Term
location of osteosarcoma
Definition
distal femur or proximal tibia (region of knee)
Term
presents as pathologic fracture or bone with swelling
Definition
osteosarcoma
Term
imaging of osteosarcoma
Definition
sunburst appearance and lifting of the periosteum (cowman triangle)
Term
soap bubble appearance
Definition
giant cell tumor
Term
location of giant cell tumor
Definition
arises in epiphysis of long bones, usually the distal femur or proximal tibia
Term
location of ewing
Definition
diaphysis of long bones; male children
Term
onion skin on XR
Definition
ewing sarcoma
Term
biopsy of ewing
Definition
small round blue cells that resemble lymphocytes
Term
(11;22) translocation
Definition
ewing sarcoma
Term
chondroma location
Definition
medulla of small bones of hands and feet
Term
location of chondrosarcoma
Definition
medulla of pelvis or central skeleton
Term
metastasis to bones is from?
Definition
prostatic carcinoma
Term
collagen in hyaline cartilage
Definition
type II
Term
cause of OA
Definition
wear and tear; age, obesity and trauma
Term
joints effected in OA
Definition
hips, lower lumbar spine, knees, and DIP and PIP of fingers
Term
presentation of OA
Definition
joint stiffness in morning that worsens during the day
Term
pathologic features of OA
Definition
disruption of cartilage that lines articular surface; joint mice; eburnation of subchondral bone; osteophyte formation
Term
heberden nodes
Definition
DIP in OA
Term
bouchard nodes
Definition
PIP in OA
Term
HLA with RA
Definition
DR4
Term
clinical features of RA
Definition
arthritis in morning that improves with activity; fever, malaise, weight loss and myalgiase, rheumatoid nodules, vasulitis, baker cyst, pleural effusions, LAD and interstitial lung fibrosis
Term
hand deformities in arthritis
Definition
swan neck deformity, ulnar deviation
Term
mechanism of RA
Definition
IgM Ab against Fc portion of IgG; neutrophils and high protein in synovial fluid
Term
HLA with seronegative spondyloarthropathies
Definition
B27
Term
ankylosing spondyloarthritis joints
Definition
sacroiliac and spine
Term
bamboo spine
Definition
ankylosing spondylarthritis
Term
extra articular manifestations of ankylosing spondylarthritis
Definition
uveitis and aortitis
Term
reiter syndrome
Definition
arthritis, urethritis and conjunctivitis
Term
joints in psoriatic arthitis
Definition
axial and peripheral joints; DIP of hands and feet most common = "sausage" fibers or toes
Term
causes of infectious arthritis
Definition
N gonorrhea = young adults
S aureus = older children and adults
Term
symptoms of infectious arthritis
Definition
single joint, usually the knee; fever, inc WBC, and elevated ESR
Term
crystals in gout
Definition
monosodium urate; negative birefringent
Term
secondary gout
Definition
leukemia and myeloproliferative disroders (inc turnover) lesch nyhan syndrome (HGPRT) and renal insufficiency
Term
complications of chronic gout
Definition
development of tophi and renal failure (irate nephropathy)
Term
pseudogout
Definition
calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate; rhomboid shpated, positive birefringence
Term
clinical features of dermatomyositis
Definition
BL prox muscle weakness, rash of upper eyelids, malar rash
Term
grotton lesion
Definition
red papules on elbows, knuckles and knees seen in dermatomositis
Term
labs of dermatomyositis
Definition
inc CK, positive ANA and anti-jo1; perimysial inflammation with perifascicular atrophy
Term
bops of polymyositis
Definition
endomysial inflammation with necrotic mm fibers
Term
mutation in X-linked muscular dystrophy
Definition
dystrophin= important in anchoring the mm cytoskeleton to the ECM; often spontaneous
Term
calk pseudohypertrophy
Definition
X linked muscular dystrophy
Term
death in duchenne
Definition
cardiac or respiratory failure
Term
Becker muscular dystrophy
Definition
mutated dystrophin vs duchenne= deleted dystrophin
Term
defect in myasthenia gravis
Definition
Ab against the postsynaptic Ach receptor at the NMJ; women
Term
clinical features of muscular dystrophy
Definition
mm weaken worsens with use; eyes = ptsosis and diplopia; improve with AchE inhibitors
Term
the thymoma
Definition
myasthenia gravis
Term
lambert eaton syndrome
Definition
ab to Ca channels at NMJ; with small cell lung cancer
Term
clinical features of lambert-eaton syndrome
Definition
proximal mm weakness that improves with use; AchE agents do not improve symptoms
Term
lipoma
Definition
benign tumor of adipose tissue; most common benign soft tissue tumor
Term
most common malignant soft tissue tumor in adults
Definition
liposarcoma
Term
most common malignant soft tissue tumor in children
Definition
rhabdomyosarcoma
Term
site of rhabdomyosarcoma
Definition
head and neck; vagina classic site in young girls
Supporting users have an ad free experience!