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Pathology
Inflammation
46
Pathology
Graduate
01/17/2014

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Cards

Term
apoptosis is characterized by
Definition
cell shrinkage, nuclear shrinkage, membrane blabbing, nuclear fragmentation, nuclear fding, formation of apoptotic bodies
Term
intrinsic pathway of apoptosis occurs in
Definition
embryogenesis, hormone induction, atrophy and as a result of injurious stimuli
Term
intrinsic pathway mechanism
Definition
increased Bax (pro-apoptosis) and decreased Bcl-2 (anti-apoptosis), leads to increased mitochondrial permeability and cytochrome c release
Term
extrinsic pathway mechanisms
Definition
1) Fas-Fas ligand
2) Tc cell release of perforin and granzyme
Term
coagulative necrosis occurs in
Definition
heart, liver, kidney
Term
liquefactive necrosis occurs in
Definition
brain, bacterial abscess, pleural effusion
Term
caseous necrosis occurs in
Definition
TB, systemic fungi
Term
fatty necrosis occurs in
Definition
breast and pancreas
Term
fibrinoid necrosis occurs in
Definition
blood vessels
Term
gangrenous necrosis occurs in
Definition
Dry = ischemic coagulative
wet = with bacteria
common in limbs and in GI tract
Term
reversible injury changes
Definition
decreased ATP, cell swell, chromatin clumping, decreased glycogen, fatty change, ribosomal detachment
Term
irreversible injury changes
Definition
pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, Ca influs, plasma membrane damage, lysosomal rupture, mitochondrial permeability
Term
red infarct
Definition
loose tissue or following repercussion
Term
pale infarct
Definition
solit tissues
Term
how free radical damage cells
Definition
membrane lipid peroxidation, protei modification and DNA breakage
Term
free radical injury initiated via
Definition
radiation, metabolism of drugs, redox, NO, transition metals and oxidative burst
Term
free radicals eliminated by
Definition
catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, antioxidantes (A,C,E)
Term
pathologies of free radical injury
Definition
retinopathy or prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, CCI4 -> liver necrosis, acetaminophen, iron overload, repercussion after anoxia
Term
LTB4
Definition
neutrophil chemotaxis
Term
causes of atrophy
Definition
decreased hormones, decreased innervation, decreased blood flow, decreased nutrients, increased pressure, occlusion of secretory ducts
Term
characteristics of inflammation
Definition
rubor, tumor, dolor, calor and functio laesa
Term
resolution of inflammation
Definition
restoration to normal, granulation tissue, abscess, fitul, scarring
Term
cells in acute inflammation
Definition
nuetrophils, eosinophils
Term
cells in chronic inflammation
Definition
mononuclear cells
Term
cells that great granulomas
Definition
macrophages
Term
rolling is caused by
Definition
E/P-selectin to sialyl lewis
Term
tight biding is mediated by
Definition
ICAM with LFA-1
Term
diapedesis is mediated by
Definition
PECAM-1 with PECAM-1
Term
migration is mediated by
Definition
C5a, IL8, LTB4 and kallikrein
Term
what happens in the inflammatory phase of wound healing
Definition
clot foramtion, increased vessel permeability and neutrophil migration, macrophages clear debris
Term
what happens in the proliferative phase of wound healing
Definition
deposition of granulation tissue and collagen, angiogenesis, epithelial cell proliferation , dissolution of clot and wound contraction
Term
what happens in the remodeling phase of wound healing?
Definition
type III collagen is replaced by type I collage, increases tensile strength of tissue
Term
what are 8 causes of granulomas
Definition
TB, fungal infection, T pallidum, M leprae, bartonella henselae, sarcoidosis, crohns, berylliosis
Term
transudate properties
Definition
hypocellular, protein poor, specific gravity < 1.012, due to increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure, Na retention
Term
exudate properties
Definition
cellular, protein rich, specific gravity > 1.02, lymphatic obstruction, inflammation
Term
increased ESR
Definition
infections, inflammation, cancer, pregnancy, SLE
Term
decreased ESR
Definition
sickle cell, polycythemia, CHF
Term
iron poisoning mechanism
Definition
per oxidation of lipids and generates ROS
Term
iron poisoning
- acute
- chronic
Definition
- gastric bleeding
- metabolic acidosis and GI obstruction
Term
type of shock: low output
Definition
cardiogenic/hypovolemic
Term
type of shock: high output
Definition
septic
Term
type of shock: Inc TPR
Definition
hypovolemic/cardiogenic
Term
type of shock: dec TPR
Definition
septic
Term
type of shock: cold, clammy
Definition
hypovolemic, cardiogenic
Term
type of shock: hot
Definition
septic
Term
type of shock: dilated arterioles, high venous return
Definition
septic
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