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Pathology Unit II
Hyperemia and Congestion
13
Pathology
Graduate
01/27/2013

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Term
Causes of Active Hyperemia
Definition
occurs when arterial and arteriolar dilation produces an increased flow of blood into capillary beds. Encountered whenever excess body heat must be dissipated, such as in muscular exercise; hyperemia of skeletal muscle during fight or flight response; blushing.
Term
Causes of Congestion
Definition
passive process that results from impaired venous drainage, causes cyanosis due to accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the affected area
Term
Active Hyperemia/ Congestion
Definition
an increase in blood volume within a tissue
Term
actively hyperemic organs
Definition
tissues are redder than normal because of the engorgement with oxygenated blood
Term
actively congested organs
Definition
abnormal blue-red color that stems from the accumulation of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the affected area
Term
Chronic passive congestion of the lung
Definition
due to decreased left ventricular output from the heart, which causes blood back up in the alveolar spaces and distension of blood. This leads to minute hemorrhages into the alveolar spaces. Alveolar spaces also contain hemosiderin laden macrophages derived from phaocytosed red cells.
Term
Chronic passive congestion of the liver
Definition
central regions of the hepatic lobules are red/brown and slightly depressed, they are accentuated against the surrounding zones of uncongested tan, fatty, liver.
Term
Heart Failure Cells
Definition
macrophage laden with hemosiderin, derived from phagocytosed red cells, common in chronic pulmonary congestion and chronic passive congestion of the liver
Term
Brown Induration
Definition
owing to cell loss in chronic passive congestion of the liver
Term
Nutmeg Liver
Definition
Brown induration accentuated against the surrounding zones of uncongested tan, fatty, liver in chronic passive congestion of the liver
Term
Special Stains used to differentiate Hemosiderin Laden Macrophages
Definition
Prussian Blue Iron Stain
Term
Increased flow of blood into the capillary bed of an organ as the result of arterial dilation is called:
Definition
Hyperemia
Term
With right ventricular failure, at which site would pooling of blood NOT occur?
Definition
Lung
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