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Pathology Exam 3 Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy
18
Pathology
Graduate
08/29/2016

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Term
Cerebral Palsy-what is it?
Definition
-lesion of the brain
-non-progressive
-occurring prior to 2 years old
-resulting in a disorder of posture and voluntary movement
Term
Cerebral Palsy
-incidence
Definition
Incidence-1.5- 4.7 cases per 1000 births in US
Term
Cerebral Palsy
etiology
Definition
occurring prior to 2 years old
Prenatal
Perinatal
Postnatal
Term
Cerebral Palsy
-Prenatal - describe, causes
Definition
most common (80%)
-Maternal infections
-DM
-Malnutrition
-Seizures
-Radiation exposure
Term
Cerebral palsy
-perinatal - describe, causes
Definition
about 6%
-Prematurity
-Low birth weight-
-Multiple births
-Prolapsed umbilical cord
-Intraventricular hemorrhage
-Asphyxia
Term
Cerebral palsy
-Postnatal - describe, causes
Definition
( abut 10-20 %)
-Infection (meningitis, encephalitis)
-Asphyxia
-TBI (falls, shaken baby syndrome, MVA)
-Stroke
-Near drowning
-Brain tumor
-Problem with development of heart and lungs
Term
Cerebral Palsy accompanied by
Definition
-Intellectual Disability 50-75%
-Seizures 30%
-Vision impairments 50%
-Visual-motor/perceptual issues
-Hearing 10%
-Speech, language & oral motor 50%
-Behavior disorders
-Orthopedic issues
Term
orthopedic issues that accompany cerebral palsy
Definition
-ROM  contractures  orthopedic deformities
-Subluxation/dislocation, scoliosis, club foot
Term
cerebral palsy calssification
Definition
1. Type of Muscle Tone
2. Distribution of limb involvement
3. Functional Skills
Term
Cp classification by tone
Definition
1. Spastic- Hypertonia-
2. non spastic Hypotonia
3. Choreoathetosis – (chorea) writhing
4. Dystonia
5. Ataxia-
6. Mixed
Term
Dystonia
Definition
sustained muscle contraction resulting in sustained end-range posture
Term
cerebral palsy classification by Distribution of limb involvement
Definition
-Diplegia
-Hemiplegia
-Quadriplegia
Term
Cp classification by severity
Definition
Gross Motor Function Classification System
for Cerebral Palsy (GMFCS)
-Scale from 1-5
-Scale is age dependent
-1 being limited impairment
-5 being severe impairment
Term
Spasticity treatments (medication)
Definition
-Botox- Prevents release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction

-Baclofen, decreases excitatory input into alpha motor neurons-Given(Intrathecally, with a pump often, and this affects other muscles as well)
Term
Seizures
medical management
Definition
medications
Tegretol, Clonazepam, Phenobarbital, Dilantin, Depakote
Term
z-plasty
Definition
release of muscle/tendon to reverse contractures
Term
Prognosis for cerebral palsy
-lifespan
-some indicators
Definition
dependent on severity
-moderate to mild - fairly normal like span
-Independent sitting by 2 = + indicator of future ambulation
-If amb is to occur usually before 8
Term
PT Intervention
Definition
-Address impairments and functional -limitations ( seating
-Adaptive devices
-Orthoses
-Reduce tone
-Increase strength and ROM
-Improve functional motor skills and mobility
-Educate caregivers
-Identify barriers and recommend modifications to make environment more accessible
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