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Pathology 26: 1223 - 1235
Robbins and Cotran
27
Pathology
Graduate
03/16/2011

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Cards

Term
Common Bone Tumors
Definition
Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma.
Term
Osteoma
Definition
bosselated, round-to-oval sessile tumor. skull or facial bones. Gardner syndrome. Composite of woven and lamellar bone
Term
Osteoblastoma
Definition
benign, treated with radioablation. Osteoid osteoma if less than 2 cm. teens and early 20s. Men. nocturnal pain relieved by aspirin for <2cm, no pain relief when greater. Well-defined margins. Nidus surrounded by reactive bone formation.
Term
Nidus
Definition
The tumor center of a osteoblastoma formation.
Term
Osteosarcoma
Definition
Malignant mesenchymal tumor. Most commonly primary, solitary, intramedulary and poorly differentiated. Form bone, coarse, lace-like architecture. Triangular shadow on radiograph is Codman triangle. Genes: RB, p53, INK4a/p16
Term
Osteochondroma
Definition
also exostosis. Benign cartilage-capped tumor with bony stalk. Associated with multiple hereditary exostosis syndrome. (EXT1/2). Knee and men common.
Term
Chondromas
Definition
benign hyeline cartilage. Also Ollier disease. gray-blue and translucent. C/O ring: unmineralized oval lucencies surrounded by thin rim of radiodense bone. Nodules scallop endosteum.
Term
enchondromas
Definition
chondromas in the medullary cavity
Term
subperiosteal/juxtacortical chondroma
Definition
chondroma on the surface of bone
Term
Chondroblastoma
Definition
rare benign tumor. teens and men, knee. pedilection for epiphyses and apophyses. sheest of compact polyhedral chondroblasts. hyperlobulated nuclei. lace-like hyaline matric with chicken-wire mineralization. Effusions and joint dysmobility. Radiographic lucency
Term
Chondromyxoid Fibroma
Definition
Rarest of cartilage tumors. mistaken for sarcoma. Teens/20s, men, metaphysis of long bones. fibrous septae, areas of great cellularity at periphery of nodules. achy pain. Ecccentric lucency with sclerosis expanding overlying cortex. Simple curettage used with no risk of malignant transformation.
Term
Chondrosarcoma
Definition
Neolastic cartilage. Second most common malignant bone tumor. >40, men. thickens and erodes cortex. Rarely on distal exremities. Painful, progressively enlarging masses. Graded by cellularity.
Term
central chondrosarcoma
Definition
intramedullary
Term
peripheral chondrosarcoma
Definition
juxtacoritcal/suface
Term
Conventional Chondrosarcoma
Definition
Malignant hyaline and myxoid cartilage. More myxoid is more gelatinous
Term
Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma
Definition
Malignant cartilage is abundant in this osteosarcoma
Term
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
Definition
10 of conventional that have second high-grade component
Term
Clear cell chondrosarcoma
Definition
osteoclast-type giant cells, sheets of large malignant chondrocytes.
Term
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
Definition
islands of well-differentiated hyline cartilage. Mimics ewing sarcoma.
Term
Non-ossifying Fibromas
Definition
Fibrous cortical defects in children when smaller than 6cm. Eccentric in the metaphysis. Elongated, sharply demarcated radiolucencies with sclerosis. Storiform (pinwheel) patter of fibroblasts.
Term
Fibrous Dysplasia
Definition
Benign, localized developmental arrest. Monostotic, polyostotic, or polyostotic w/ cafe-au-lait. GNAS gene. McCune-Albright syndrome for polyostotic with cafe-au-lait. Trabeculae mimic Chinese letters. Ground glass on radiology. Bisphosphonates for pain.
Term
McCune-Albright syndrome
Definition
GNAS mutation. endocrinopathies with sexual precocity, hyperthyroidism, pituitary adenomas. Ipsilateral skin pigmentation.
Term
Fibrosarcoma Variants
Definition
Collagen-producing sarcoma, also malignant fibrous histiocytoma. >=middle aged. malignant fibroblasts in herringbone storiform pattern. Permeative and lytic extending into adjacent soft tissue
Term
Ewing Sarcoma
Definition
Similar to primitive neuroectodermal tumor PNET with less neural differentiation. translocation (11;22)(q24;q12). Clear, glycogen rich cells. Homer-Wright rosettes, diaphysis of long tubular bones. painful enlarging masses. inflammatory changes. onion-skin reactive bone.
Term
Homer-Wright rosettes
Definition
tumor cells arranged in a circle about a central fibrillary space indicative of neural differentiation.
Term
Giant-Cell Tumor
Definition
Also osteoclastoma. Monocuclear cells and multinucleated osteo-clast-type giant cells. Locally aggresive. 20-40. RANKL. limited to metaphyses in adolescents with epiphyses also in adults. Arthritis.
Term
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
Definition
17p13 translocation with up-rgulated USP6. Plump uniform fibroblasts, osteoclasts, reactive woven bone (blue bone). Hemorrhagic cysts. <20, painful. Ecentric well-difined radiographically.
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