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Patho X3
ISU PA PROGRAM
75
Pathology
Graduate
11/16/2010

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Term
Antibodies
(list)
Definition
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE
IgD
Term
IgM
Definition
1st antibody
non-specific
ACTIVATES COMPLEMENT & CLEARING ANTIGEN
Term
IgG
Definition
high conc. in serum
HIGHLY SPECIFIC
measured with titer
Term
IgA
Definition
Mucosal bodies
Term
IgE
Definition
Worm infections (HELMITH)
problem in allergy
Term
IgD
Definition
B-Cell receptor (non-secreted)
Term
Antibody Function
(general)
Definition
activate and tag antigen for destruction
DO NOT DESTROY
Term
Defense Mechanisms of antibodies
Definition
neutralization,
agglutination,
precipitation,
complement fixation
Term
Allergy = ______ specific
Definition
antigen
Term
Psuedo allergy =
Definition
non antigen specific
(i.e. irritant dermatitis)
Term
Two steps to allergy development
(response)
Definition
1. induction
2. elicitation
Term
Induction (Ag)
Definition
Initial exposure
Term
Elicitation (Ag)
Definition
Secondary exposure
Term
Atopy =
Definition
genetic disposition for allergy
IgE over production
Term
Type I Hypersensitivity
(onset, effectors, general response)
Definition
Rapid onset - <30 minutes
IgE, histamine
Respiratory? Epidermal? Systemic?
Term
Type II Hypersensitivity
(onset, effectors, general response)
Definition
5-8hrs
IgG, IgM, complement
?
Term
Type III Hypersensitivity
(onset, effectors, general response)
Definition
A.K.A. "Immune complex disease"
2-4 hrs
IgG, complement, NK, cytotoxic T
persistant infections? autoimmunity? environmental exposure?
Term
Type IV Hypersensitivity
(onset, effectors, general response)
Definition
very slow >12 hrs (TB skin test)
T-helper, macrophages
contact dermatitis? eczema?
HAPTEN antigen (i.e. poison ivy)
Term
Stages of Atherosclerosis
Definition
1. Endothelial injury
2. Fatty streak
3. Fibro-fatty plaque
4. Nectrotic fatty plaque
Term
Concentric Hypertrophy
(heart)
Definition
thickening of ventricular wall
no increase in volume
Term
Abnormal Volume Overload
(heart)
Definition
increasing length of muscle fibers
Term
Eccentric Hypertropthy
(heart)
Definition
increased heart size and wall thickness
Term
Blood cells in the urine
a. nephritic syndrome
b. nephrotic syndrome
c. azotemia
d. oliguria
Definition
a. nephritic syndrome
Term
Which of the following would most likely cause visual problems
a. polyarteritis nodosa
b. Wegener granulomatosis
c. Takayasu arteritis
d. Buerger's disease
Definition
c. Takayasu arteritis
Term
During atheroma formation smooth muscle cells migrate to the
a. media
b. adventitia
c. basement membrane
d. intima
Definition
d. intima
Term
The technical term for permanent dilation of the airways is
a. chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
b. atlelectasis
c. bronchiectasis
d. emphyema
Definition
c. bronchiectasis
Term
Contraction bands are histological evidence for
a. myocarditis
b. cardiomyopathy
c. actrial myxoma
d. re-perfusion injury
Definition
d. re-perfusion injury
Term
Which of the following is not from the myeloid lineage
a. platelets
b. NK cells
c. erythrocytes
d. neutrophils
Definition
b. NK cells
Term
Which of the following is associated with defects in ankyrin and spectrin?
a. hereditary spherocytosis
b. beta thalassemia major
c. beta thalassemia minor
d. glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Definition
a. hereditary spherocytosis
Term
Which of the following is NOT a form of megablastic anemia
a. folate deficiency anemia
b. iron deficiency anemia
c. sickle cell anemia
d. pernicious anemia
Definition
c. sickle cell anemia
Term
Reed Sternberg cells are observed in
a. aplastic anemia
b. polycythemia vera
c. follicular lymphoma
d. Hodgkin's lymphoma
Definition
d. Hodgkin's lymphoma
Term
Of the following, smoking is the most important risk factor in
a. Kartagener syndrome
b. cystic fibrosis
c. emphysema
d. pneumonia
Definition
c. emphysema
Term
Which of these is not a systemic effect of sickle cell anemia
a. vessel inflammation
b. vascular occlusion
c. immunohemolytic anemia
d. tissue congestion
Definition
c. immunohemolytic anemia
Term
The kidney hormone that promotes bone marrow production of red blood cells is
a. erythropoeitin
b. angiotension
c. rennin
d. anti-diuretic hormone
Definition
a. erythropeoitin
Term
Which of the following is most common cause of adult acute renal failure?
a. hydronephrosis
b. pyelonephritis
c. nephrolithiasis
d. acute tubular necrosis
Definition
d. acute tubular necrosis
Term
Which of the following is a characteristic of Turner's syndrome?
a. cystic hygroma
b. bacillary angiomatosis
c. spider telengiectasia
d. capillary hemangioma
Definition
a. cystic hygroma
Term
4 alpha globin genes are deleted in
a. beta thalassemia major
b. hyrops fetalis
c. Hemoglobin H disease
d. sickle cell anemia
Definition
b. hydrops fetalis
Term
Hypercholesteremia Class 1
Definition
no synthesis of receptor
Term
Hypercholesteremia Class 2
Definition
synthesis of receptor but fail to transport receptor to cell
Term
Hypercholesteremia Class 3
Definition
receptor on cell surface fails to bind/recognize LDL
Term
Hypercholesteremia Class 4
Definition
receptor binds to LDL but fails to internalize
Term
Hypercholesteremia Class 5
Definition
internalize LDL, but cannot release it with the lysosome. becomes trapped
Term
Marfan Syndrome
Definition
disease of structural protein (fibrillin)
FBN1 gene
Term
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Definition
disease of structural enzyme (lysyl hyroxylase)
Collagen types I & III
Term
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Definition
"spectrin protein"
anemia, splenomegaly, jaundice
Term
PKU
Definition
increased phenylalanine
lack of phenylalanine hydroxylase
Term
Galactosemia
Definition
deficient galactase
build up of galactose
cirrhosis, splenomegaly etc.
Term
True vs False (pseudo) aneurism
Definition
True = wall bound
False = breach in vessel; extravascular hematoma
Term
Primary HTN
Definition
Idiopathic
Term
Secondary HTN
Definition
primary disorder causes HTN
Term
Wall Tension =
Definition
(pressure*radius) / wall thickness
Term
Dissecting Aneurysm
Definition
hemmorage into media
Term
Thromboangitis Obliterans
Definition
direct cell toxicity
SMOKING
ISCHEMIC GANGRENE
Term
Varicose veins
Definition
superficial veins
incompetant valves
Term
Raynauds Disease vs Raynaud's Phenomenon
Definition
Disease = intense vasospasm small arteries and arterioles
Phenom = arterial insuf. to extremeties secondary to other vascular disease.
Term
Forward Failure
Definition
inadequate CO (uable to eject)
Term
Backward failure
Definition
venous congestion
Term
Patent Ductus Ateriosis PDA
Definition
shunt from pulomary to aortic circulation
BYPASS THE LUNGS
Term
Ventricular Septal Defect
Definition
#1 defect
left to right shunt
Term
Spherocytosis =
Definition
spectrin & ankyrin defect
splenomegaly, anemia, jaundice
Term
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Definition
GSH deficiency
leads to hydrogenperoxide - denatures globin
large doses of aspirin
Term
Warm type immunohemolytic anemia
Definition
IgG
Term
Cold type immunohemolytic anemia
Definition
IgM
Term
Macrocytic
(from, appearance)
Definition
folate, b12 deficiency
large, darker
Term
Microlytic
(From, appearance)
Definition
Iron deficiency, thalassemia (heme)
small, pale cells.
Term
Neutropenia =
Definition
reduced granulocytes
Term
Neutrophilia =
Definition
bacterial infection
Term
Eosinophilia =
Definition
allergic & skin disorders
parasitic and fungal infections
Term
basophilia
Definition
myeloproliferation disorders
lung malignancy
Term
monocytosis
Definition
autoimmune dissorders
chronic infections
Term
lymphocytosis
Definition
viral infection
Term
Lymphoid Neiplasm
(originate?)
Definition
Tumor bases
Hodgkin, non-Hodgkin
Term
Meloid Neoplasm
(originate)?
Definition
elements of the blood
Term
Histiocytic neoplasms
(originate)
Definition
histiocytes
Langerhans
Term
Hodgkin Lymphoma
stages 1-4
Definition
single node
nodes on one side of diaphram
nodes on both sides of diaphram
multinodal
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