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Patho Vocab Words Ch. 18
patho notecards
30
Pathology
Graduate
01/29/2012

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

Schizophrenia

Definition

 

a collection of diseases characterized by illnesses.

Term

 

Thought disorders

Definition

 

a break in reality or splitting of the cognitive from the emotional side of one's personality.

Term

 

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Definition

 

 

the most widespread inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.

Term

 

 

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPFC)

Definition

  

is involved in the initiation and maintenance of goal-directed activities and is actively involved in solving cognitive kproblems related to working memory. 

 

During cognitive problem solving, blood flow and metabolism normally increase.

Term

 

 

Working memory

Definition

 

 

the brief storage and use of information and may be important in simple number calculations as well as complex tasks such as winning a chess match.  Essential in verbal comprehension and reasoning.

 

Term

 

 

Dopamine hypothesis

Definition

 

suggested that abnormal elevation in dopaminergic transmission contributes to the onset of schizophrenia.

 

Term

 

psychotic episode

Definition

 

when an individual loses touch with reality and experiences somthing that should be absent. 

 Ex. hallucinations

Term

 

hallucination

Definition

 

is a perception experienced without external stimulation of the sense organs.

Term

 

delusions

Definition

 

 

a persistent belief contrary to the educational and cultural background of the individual.

 

May involve grandiose, nihilistic, persecutory, somatic, sexual, and religious themes.

Term

 

 

formal thought disorder

Definition

 

involves fluent speech that is difficult to comprehend.

Term

 

 

poverty of content

Definition

 

 

the use of vocabularies to convey information is severly retarded despite a fair amount of spoken words.

Term

 

disorganized behavior

Definition

 

 

individual has difficulty engaging in goal-directed activities.

Term

 

Affective flattening

Definition

 

 

the near absence of emotional or facial expression.

Term

 

 

anhedonia

Definition

 

 

individuals are unable to experience emotions such as pleasure or pain and report a sense of detachment from the environment.

Term

 

neuroleptics

Definition

 

 

drugs that led to a marked reduction in the number of patients requiring hospitalization.

 

Is Greek for "clasp the neuron".

Term

 

 

mood

Definition

 

 

a sustained emotional state

Term

 

 

bipolar disorder

Definition

 

psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating mania or hypomania and depression, ofter with periods of normal mood in between, and changes in energy and behavior according to mood.

Term

 

 

major (unipolar) depression

Definition

 

severly depressed mood and loss of pleasure that may begin suddenly or slowly, persists at least 2 weeks, and may recur throughout life.

 

leading cause of disability in the US

Term

 

 

monoamine hypothesis of depression

Definition

 

 

studies show that drugs deplete monoamines produce depression

Term

 

depression

Definition

 

unremitting feelings of sadness and despair

Term

 

dysphoric mood

Definition

 

intensely painful mood is accompanied by insomnia, loos of appetite and body weight, and reduced interest in leasureable activities and interpersonal relationships.

Term

 

 

Manic individual

Definition

 

 

has elevated levels of euphora, but shows poor judgment.

 

hallmarks are excessive, rapid, loud, and pressured speech.

Term

 

 

anxiety disorder

Definition

 

when fear and anxiety become too intense and undermine the ability to functioln on a daily basis

Term

 

panic disorder

Definition

 

characterized by intense autonomic arousal involving  a wide variety of symptoms, including lighheadedness, a racing heart, difficulty breathing, chest discomfort, generalized sweating, general weakness, trembling, abdominal distress, and chills or hot flashes.

 

experiences a fear of losing control and dying.

Term

 

 

agrophobia

Definition

 

 

phobic avoidance of places or situations where ecape or help is not readily available

Term

 

 

general anxiety disorder (GAD)

Definition

 

individual worries about life events such as marital relationship, health, money, social status, etc.

Term

 

 

posttraumatic stress disorder

Definition

 

exposure to a terrifying or life threatening trauma results in the individual reexperiencing the traumatic event as intrusive recollections or flashbacks during the day and persistent nightmares.

Term

 

 

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Definition

 

an anxiety disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts and repetitive compulsive actions, such as cleaning, checking, or counting.

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