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Patho Test #1
Cell, Cancer, Immunity
96
Pathology
Undergraduate 3
01/16/2012

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Cards

Term
Which particle can penetrate cell membranes most easily?
Definition
a. lipid soluble, transport protein present
Term
Which can transport substances uphill against the concentration gradient?
Definition
a. Active Transport
Term
A major function of connective tissue is:
Definition
b. support and binding
Term
Which are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Definition
b. protection AND d. secretion
Term
Lining of the kidney tubules:
Definition
b. simple cuboidal
Term
Lining of the upper respiratory tract:
Definition
c. simple columnar, ciliated
Term
Signaling molecules cause all of the following except:
Definition
d. conversion of an intracellular signal into an extracellular response
Term
Ligands that bind with membrane receptors include:
Definition
a. hormones, b.antigens, c.neurotransmitters, d. drugs, e. infectious agents
Term
The products from the metabolism of glucose include which of the following?
Definition
a. kilocalories, b. CO2, c. H2O, d. ATP
Term
Identify the correct sequence of events for initiation and conduction of a nerve impulse:
1. Sodium moves inside
2. Potassium leaves cell
3. Sodium permeability changes
4. Resting potential is reestablished
5. Potassium permeability changes
Definition
b. 3,1,5,2,4
Term
Increased cytoplasmic calcium:
Definition
c. decreases permeability at the junctional complex
Term
Cell junctions:
Definition
d. both a and c are correct
Term
Which genetic disease is caused by an abnormal karyotype:
Definition
a. Down syndrome
Term
Which is not characteristic of Down syndrome?
Definition
b. It is a genetic error of metabolism
Term
Cri-du-chat syndrome is an abnormality of the chromosomal structure involving:
Definition
c. deletion
Term
An individual's karyotype lacks a homologous X chromosome and has only a single X chromosome present. Which statment is not true?
Definition
c. The karyotype is 46,XY
Term
If homologous chromosomes fail to seperate during meiosis, the disorder is:
Definition
d. nondisjunction
Term
Cystic fibrosis has been mapped to chromosome:
Definition
b. 7
Term
In autosomal dominant inherited disorders:
Definition
b. affected persons mating with normal persons have a 50% risk of having an affected child
Term
In X-linked recessive inherited disorders:
Definition
a. affected males have normal sons, c. sons of female carriers have a 50% chance of being affected, d. the affected female may transmit the gene to both sons and daughters
Term
Which is not an autosomal dominant disease?
Definition
c. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, e. pyloric stenosis
Term
When environmental influences cause varied phenotypic expressions of genotypes, the result is:
Definition
a. multifactorial traits
Term
Which likely is not a multifactorial inherited disorder?
Definition
d. cystic fibrosis
Term
A cellular adaptation observable in uterine cervical epithelium is:
Definition
d. dysplasia
Term
What are the consequences when a cell is forced into anaerobic glycolosis?
Definition
c. increased lactic acid, d. inadequate ATP production
Term
What is the probably cause of cellular swelling in the early stages of cell injury?
Definition
d. Na-K pump fails to remove intracellular Na+
Term
Dystrophic calcification:
Definition
d. both a and c are true
Term
Cellular swelling is:
Definition
b. evident early in all types of cellular injury
Term
Which is not reversible?
Definition
a. karyolosis
Term
In aging, cross-linking implies that:
Definition
d. cell permeability decreases
Term
Inflammation:
Definition
e. All of the above
Term
Inflammatory microcirculation changes involve the following except:
Definition
b. days to develop
Term
A phagocyte's role begins with an inflammatory response. The sequence for the phagocystosis is:
Definition
d. margination, diapedesis, recognition, adherence, ingestion, fusion with lysosomes inside the phagocyte, destruction of the target
Term
Chemotactic factors for phagocytes include all of the following except:
Definition
b. streptolysins
Term
Which is not a local manifestation of inflammation?
Definition
d. leukocytosis
Term
Complement is:
Definition
a. a series of proteins in the blood
Term
Diapedesis is a process in which:
Definition
a. neutrophils migrate from the bloodstream to an injured tissue site.
Term
Interferon:
Definition
b. prevents viruses from infecting healthy host cells
Term
The complement system can be activated by:
Definition
e. a,b, and c are correct
Term
Which is not a systemic manifestation of inflammation:
Definition
d. exudation
Term
The inflammatory response:
Definition
d. minimizes injury and promotes healing
Term
Scar tissue is:
Definition
a. nonfunctional collagenous and fibrotic tissue
Term
Repair involves processes that:
Definition
e. a, b and c are correct
Term
Swelling during acute inflammation is caused by:
Definition
b. fluid and cellular exudation
Term
What is not released from the mast cell during degranulation?
Definition
c. complement
Term
Chronic inflammation is characterized by:
Definition
d. lymphocytic and macrophagic infiltration
Term
Which is synthesized by mast cells?
Definition
d. leukotrienes
Term
Primary intention healing:
Definition
e. a,b, and c are correct
Term
Interleukins:
Definition
e. All of the above are correct
Term
Eosinophils:
Definition
e. Both b and c are correct
Term
APCs are:
Definition
b. macrophages
Term
Antibodies are produced by:
Definition
d. plasma cells
Term
An immunoglobulin contains:
Definition
a. two heavy and two light polypeptide chains
Term
The antibody class having the highest concentration in the blood is:
Definition
d. IgG
Term
Which antibody is matched with its appropriate role?
Definition
e. IgM/first to challenge the antigen
Term
The primary immune response involves:
Definition
d. a latent period followed by peak antibody production
Term
Which cells are phagocytic?
Definition
e. macrophages
Term
When a child develops measles and acquires an immunity to subsequent infections, the immunity is:
Definition
acquired, active... d. both a and b are correct
Term
Which is not a characteristic of hypersensitivity?
Definition
d. prior contact unnecessary to elicit a response
Term
When the body produces antibodies against its own tissue, it is:
Definition
d. an autoimmune disease
Term
Which hypersensitivity is caused by poison ivy?
Definition
d. type IV
Term
Which is not an autoimmune disease?
Definition
c. transfusion reaction
Term
Damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) results from formation of antigen/antibody complexes mediated by:
Definition
d. the humoral immune system and complement
Term
The classical complement cascade begins with:
Definition
a. antigen/antibody complexes binding to a component of the complement system.
Term
An alloimmune disorder is:
Definition
a. erythroblastosis fetalis
Term
An X-linked recessive disorder of immune deficiency involves a deficit of:
Definition
e. IgM
Term
Deficiencies in B cell immune responses are suspected when the unusual or recurrent severe infections are caused by:
Definition
c. encapsulated bacteria
Term
DiGeorge syndrome is a primary immune deficiency caused by:
Definition
b. congenital lack of thymic tissue
Term
SCID exhibits:
Definition
d. B and T cell deficits
Term
A positive HIV antibody test signifies that the:
Definition
a. individual is infected with HIV and likely so for life
Term
Which is incorrect regarding AIDS?
Definition
d. The patient will have increased numbers of CD4 cells or helper T cells
Term
Which is not a malignant tumor?
Definition
c. rhabdomyoma
Term
Endocrine hormone secretion is increased in:
Definition
a. benign tumors
Term
Metastasis is:
Definition
d. the ability to establish a secondary neoplasm at a new site
Term
Tumor surpressor genes are:
Definition
c. genes that produce proteins that inhibit cellular division
Term
Which is not involved in metastasis?
Definition
b. interference
Term
Local invasive factors include all except:
Definition
a. increased cellular adhesion
Term
The sequence of carcinogenesis is:
Definition
c. viral infection, several mutagenic "hits' to DNA
Term
The anorexia or loss of appetite seen in the syndrome of cancer cachexia may occur because of:
Definition
a. altered blood serum levels of glucose and amino acids
Term
Immunotherapy for cancer:
Definition
d. is augmented by memory cells
Term
Which of the following is a characteristic of a "cellular receptor"?
Definition
d. It binds with ligands
Term
Which of the following statements regarding cellular energy is correct?
Definition
c. Oxidative phosporylation occurs in the mitochondria
Term
Which of the following terms best describes diffusion?
Definition
a. Movement of a solute molecule from high to low concentration.
Term
The time period of the cell cycle during which RNA and protein synthesis occur is referred to as the:
Definition
b. G2 phase
Term
The process by which the nerve and muscle cells become for positive than negative is referred to as:
Definition
c. depolarization
Term
Which of the following terms describes the sequence for the beginning of a gene?
Definition
c. promotor site
Term
Which of the following terms describes a cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes?
Definition
a. Aneuploid
Term
Which of the following is secreted into the cytoplasm and synthesized in the nucleolus?
Definition
c. Ribosome
Term
Which of the following terms best describes the DNA subunit of one deoxyribose molecule, one phosphate group, and one base?
Definition
C. Nucleotide
Term
Which of the follwing is the best term for nuclear dissolution and lysis of chromatin by action of hydrolytic enzymes?
Definition
d. karyolysis
Term
Which of the following are biochemical messengers produced by macrophages and lymphocytes in response to a pathogen?
Definition
a. Interleukins
Term
Which of the following terms describes a biochemical substance that attracts luekocytes to the site of inflammation?
Definition
B. Chemotactic factor
Term
Which of the following terms describes an acidic, sulfur-containing lipid that produces effects similar to histamine?
Definition
A. Leukotrienes
Term
Which of the following is a correct description of IgE?
Definition
b. It is the primary cause of common allergies
Term
Which of the following is the function of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte?
Definition
d. Direct killing of foreign and abnormal cells
Term
Which of the following is a description of the humoral arm of the immune system?
Definition
c. antibodies are primarily responsible for protection
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