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Patho Exam 3 Hematology
Stark: Hematology
31
Pathology
Graduate
11/10/2013

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Term
hemostasis
Definition
processes in the body to prevent blood loss
Term
effects of hemostatic dysfunction
Definition
effecting the delivery aspect of blood: injury/ischemia/infarction
effecting hemostasis directly: hypovolemia/shock
effecting the immune function of blood: infection
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
Hct: the erythrocyte composition of blood
Term
cellular components of blood
Definition
erythrocytes
leukocytes (baso/neutro/eosinophils, monocytes, and B & T cells)
Platelets/Thrombocytes
Term
plasma components of blood
Definition
water
Proteins: albumin, globulins (IgG, etc.), clotting factors (fibrin, etc.), and lipoproteins (HDL etc.)
Term
physical/temporal characteristics of RBCs
Definition
pliable, biconcave disc
120 day life span
Term
The process of erythropoiesis (intermediates and locations)
Definition
[marrow] proerythroblast (no Hb)--> erythroblast-[blood]-> reticulocyte--> erythrocyte
Term
4 factors necessary for the synthesis of erythrocytes
Definition
erythropoietin: cytokine
Fe: Hb
B12 & Folic Acid: DNA synthesis
Term
Granulocytes
Definition
neutro/eosino/basophils, battle infection; neutrophils make up ~1/2 of WBC
Term
lymphocytes
Definition
B cells and T cells, immune response
make up ~1/3 of white blood cells
Term
Monocytes
Definition
phagocytic, become macrophages in tissue
make up <1/10 of WBC
Term
5 major blood stem cell lineages
Definition
lymphoid (B/T/Plasma)
monocyte colony forming unit (CFU)
granulocyte CFU
megakaryocyte CFU (platelets)
erythrocyte CFU
Term
Normal RBC
Definition
M: 4.32-5.72 trillion cells/L
F: 3.9-5.03 trill/L
OR: ~4.74 trill/L, and M>F
Term
Normal Hb
Definition
M: 135-175 g/L
F: 120-155 g/L
OR: ~146, and M>F
Term
Hematocrit
Definition
M: 38.8-50%
F: 34.9-44.5%
OR: ~42.1%, and M>F
Term
Normal WBC
Definition
3.5-10.5 bill/L
OR: ~7 bill/L
Term
Normal Platelet count
Definition
150-450 bill/L
or: ~300 bill/L
Term
What the Differential count measures
Definition
%ages of each type of leukocyte
Term
what the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is for
Definition
screen for inflammation
Term
anemia vs. polycythemia
Definition
hematocrit <1/3 vs. >1/2
Term
cellular and plasma components responsible for control of bleeding
Definition
cellular: platelets/thrombocytes
plasma: fibrinogen/fibrin
Term
component of blood which carries cells
Definition
plasma
Term
5 steps of hemostasis
Definition
Vice President Fitzgerald Commands Clout:
Vasoconstriction
Platelet plugs
Fibrin clot
Clot retraction
Clot dissolution
Term
purpose of vasoconstriction in clotting
Definition
reduce blood flow to injured tissue, reduce blood loss
Term
physiology of platelet plug formation
Definition
Thromboxane A & ADP attract platelets to injury, they adhere to the damaged walls, and aggregate until plug is formed
Term
physiology of coagulation
Definition
the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways each produce Factor Xa ("Ten-A" not "X-A") which converts prothrombin--> thrombin which converts fibrinogen--> fibrin--> stabilizes clot
Term
Intrinsic vs. extrinsic system pathway examples
Definition
intrinsic: within the vessel, i.e. plaque rupture
extrinsic: any kind of trauma, injury to the outside
Term
physiology of clot retraction
Definition
thrombocytes are reintegrated into the bloodstream via vasospasm, and remaining fibrin closes the wound
Term
physiology of clot dissolution
Definition
plasminogen--> plasmin--> breaks up clot
Term
PT & PTT
Definition
Prothrombin time: high in cases of anticoagulate therapy (warfarin/Coumadin)
partial thromboplastin time: elevated during heparin therapy
Term
elevated fibrin degredation products...
Definition
...indicates a dissolving clot somewhere in the system
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