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Path 3, test 3
Reproduction
135
Pathology
Not Applicable
08/01/2012

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Cards

Term
Reproduction is the process by which?
Definition

New individual species are produced

Genetic material passed on from generation - generation

Term
Specialized reproductive cells are called?
Definition
Gamates
Term
Fusion of egg and sperm is called?
Definition
Zygote
Term
Reproductive system has these same based parts?
Definition

1. Primary sex organs or gonads (ovaries- women and testes- men)

2. Accessory sex organs (internal and external)

ducts

accessory sex glands

supporting structures

Term
Each Embryo produces this two sets of ducts?
Definition

Wolffian ducts- become vas deferens etc

Mullerian ducts- become oviducts, uterus, vagina

Term
This happens to  the duct that is not used?
Definition
Degenerates
Term

T or F

Internal genitals structures develop from separate structures?

Definition
True
Term

T or F

External genitals come from the same embryonic structures?

Definition
True
Term
What is the role of the male Scrotum?
Definition
Supports and regulates temperature of testes
Term
What two muscles in the scrotum helps to regulate the temperature?
Definition
Dartos muscle and cremaster muscle
Term
This is smooth muscle in septum between two testes and under skin of scrotum?
Definition
Dartos muscle
Term
This is skeletal, extension of internal oblique muscle, raises testes during sexual arousal, or when temperature is cold?
Definition
Cremaster Muscle
Term
Paired oval glands in scrotum?
Definition
Testicles
Term
These are descended into the scrotum before birth, pass through inguinal canal?
Definition
Testicles
Term
This is a fibromuscular cord that guides the testicles during decent?
Definition
Gubernaculum
Term
Spermatic cord is made up of?
Definition
Vas Derens, blood vessels, nerves
Term
If testicles fail to descend it is called this?
Definition
Cryptorchidsm
Term
Covering that forms over as they descend serious membrane?
Definition
Tunica Vaginalis
Term
Vagina is also known as?
Definition
Sheath
Term
This is a collection of serious fluid in the tunica vaginalis and is caused by injury to scrotum/testes?
Definition
Hydrocele
Term
This white fibrous capsule divides testes into lobules?
Definition
Tunica Albuginea Calbi
Term
Each lobule contains this many coiled tubles
Definition
3
Term
Tubles inside the lobules are called?
Definition
Seminiferous tubles
Term
Two types of cells with each seminiferous tuble are?
Definition

1. spermatogenic cell= actually form sperm

2. sertoli= support cell sperm

Term
Spermotogeneis begins with?
Definition
Spermatogonia (sperm stem cells)
Term
The chain of metosis/meosis in males is?
Definition

Spermtogonia

(mitosis)

Primary spermocyte

(meosis 1)

2 secondary spermoctye

(meosis 2)

4 Spermatids

Term
This is the process by which spermatids grow up and become sperm cells?
Definition
spermiogensis
Term
Spermiogenesis is?
Definition
Develop of sperm cells
Term
This many sperm mature each day?
Definition
300 million
Term
List the 4 parts of sperm?
Definition

Head (contains DNA)

Acrosone (enzyme that penetrates egg)

Midpiece (mitochondria)

Tail (flagellum- propels sperm)

Term
Anabolic steriod does this?
Definition
Increases bone and muscle mass
Term
This is the site of sperm maturation and storgae?
Definition
Epidiymis
Term
Tubes within the epidiymus are called?
Definition
Ductus epidiymis
Term
What are the 3 parts of the epididymis?
Definition
Head, body, tail
Term
Vas Deferens
Definition
Comes from the ductus epididymis from the enlarged tail where is becomes less convulated
Term
Vas Deferen enters into?
Definition
Inguinal canal and loops around ureter and passes down back of urinary bladder
Term
Distal portion of vas deferen is this?
Definition
Ampulla
Term
Ejaculatory duct is made up of these?
Definition
Ampulla and seminal vescile
Term
How long is sperm able to be stored?
Definition
Several months
Term
Vascetomy is this?
Definition
Cutting of the vas deferen preventing the entry of sperm - sterility
Term
Is vasectomy a sage method of birth control?
Definition
Yes the safest
Term
Viscous fluid makes up 60% of?
Definition
Volume of semen
Term
This surrounds the urethra inferior to the bladder?
Definition
Prostate Gland
Term
Ejaculatory duct runs through this?
Definition
Prostate Gland
Term
This is an energy source for sperm?
Definition
Ciltrate
Term
this enzyme liquefy coagulated sperm?
Definition
Proteolytic
Term
These are pea size glands on either side of membranous urethra?
Definition
Bulbourethral or Cowper Gland
Term
These secrete alkaline mucus in response to sexual stimulation and lubricate the penis for intercourse?
Definition
Bulbourethral or Cowpers Gland
Term
this is a mixture of sperm and secretions from accessory gland?
Definition
Semen
Term
If your sperm could in below this, you would be infertile?
Definition
20million/ml
Term

Semen provides fluid for transport, nutrients and neutrilizes acid in males urethra and female vagina?

T or F

Definition
True
Term
Semen coagulates in this many minutes after ejaculation, and reliquefies in this many minutes after ejaculation?
Definition
5 minutes and 10-20 minutes
Term
Semen can stay in the male body for many weeks but can only survive this long after leaving the body?
Definition
1-2 days
Term

This conveys  urine and semen to the outside of the body?

 

Definition
Penis
Term
What are the three parts of the penis?
Definition
Root, body and glans penis
Term
Dorsolateral masses of penis?
Definition
Corpora carvernosa
Term
midventral mass is called?
Definition
Corpus sponigiosum (contains urethra and keeps it open)
Term
Foreskin
Definition
Prepuce
Term
This is parasympathetic reflex caused by release of Nitric Oxide?
Definition
Erection
Term
Ejaculation is triggered by this?
Definition
Presence of semen in urethra through spinal nerves in sacral portion of cord
Term
Emission
Definition
Movement of sperm and secretion into the urethra
Term
Female gonads are?
Definition
Ovaries
Term
When do the ovaries descend into the pelvic cavity?
Definition
Third month of development
Term
What are the 4 ligaments of ovaries?
Definition

1. Broad ligment- connects to side uterus and pelvic floor

2. Ovarian ligament- anchors to uterus

3. Suspensory ligament- attaches to pelvic floor

4. Round ligament- maintains uterine position

Term
Round ligament pain is?
Definition
brief, sharp, stabbing pain in lower abdomen or groin (2nd trimester in pregnant women)
Term
Oogenesis is the making of this?
Definition
Ova
Term
Spermotogensis in males begins?
Definition
After puberty
Term
Oogensis in females begins?
Definition
Before birth
Term
Oogonia divide making milions germs cells that develop into larger cells called?
Definition
Primary oocytes
Term
Primary ooyctes begin meiosis?
Definition
Until puberty
Term
FSH and LH are released by this?
Definition
Anterior pituitary
Term
At puberty approximately this many primordial follicle will mature?
Definition
400 (1 egg month for 38 years)
Term
Once primary oocyte and zona pellucida has grown it becomes?
Definition
Secondary follicle
Term
Oocyte develops layer around itself called?
Definition
Zona Pellicuida
Term
At ovulation secondary oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida leaves ovary and heads towards?
Definition
uterine Tube
Term
At ovulation primary cell changes into?
Definition
Secondary oocyte and 1st polar body
Term
Meiosis 2 takes place in females if ovualtion occurs becoming?
Definition
Ouvum and 2 polar bodies
Term
Product of oogensis
Definition
1 ovum and 3 polar bodies
Term
Spermatogenesis produces
Definition
4 spermatids
Term
Open end of uterine tube is called?
Definition
Indundium
Term
Finger like projections in infundium that guide secondary oocyte into oviduct into uterus?
Definition
Fimbriae
Term
What are the 3 layer of  tissue?
Definition

1. serosa- connective tissue

2. muscularis- peristalsis

3. mucosal epithelium- connective tissue, ciliated columnar (conveyor belt)

Term
Fertilization occurs here?
Definition
1/3 fallopian tube
Term
Secondary oocyte is viable for?
Definition
24 hours
Term
Fertilized oocyte takes this many days to reach uterus?
Definition
6-7 days
Term
Fallopian tubes clipped is known as?
Definition
tubial ligation
Term
This is the size and shape of inverted pear?
Definition
Uterus
Term
Functions of uterus are?
Definition
Menstration, implantation of zygote, development of fetus and labour
Term
Uterus is located here?
Definition
Between urinary bladder and rectum
Term
Three layer of uterus are?
Definition

1. Perimetruim- anchors in place

2. Myometrium- bulk, three layers smooth muscle

3. Endometrium- highly vascular, stratum functionalis

Term
During ovulation the muscous become this?
Definition
More alkaline
Term
Fibromuscular canal  that is 4 inches long and lined with mucous membrane?
Definition
Vagina
Term
Vagina is located?
Definition
Between urinary bladder and rectum
Term
This types of cells are found in muscosa and act in immunity as antigen presenting cells?
Definition
Dendritic
Term
Vagina contains large stores of this which decomposes to organic acid and lowers susceptible to infection and sperm?
Definition
Glyocen
Term
Two layers of vagina are?
Definition

1. smooth

2. adventitia (binds adjacent structures)

Term
Thin fold of vascularised muscous member inferior end of vagina?
Definition
Hymen
Term
External genitals of female, pudendum?
Definition
Vulva
Term
Pad of adipose tissue, course public hair cushions pubic symphysis?
Definition
Mons Pubis
Term
fold of skin, homologus to scrotum, adipose tissue, sebacceous glad and sweat glands, pubic hair?
Definition
Labia Majora
Term
2 small folds, homologus to spongy urethra, no pubic hair or fat?
Definition
Labia Minora
Term
Small cylindrical mass composed of two erectile bodies
Definition
Clitoris
Term
Covers the clitoris (prepuce of clitoris)
Definition
Clitoral hood
Term
Exposed portion, homologous to glans penis both capable of erection and are very sensitive?
Definition
Clitoris
Term
Region between labia minora, contains hymen, vagina ofrice, paraurethral, bulb of vestibule, greater vestibular?
Definition
Vestibule
Term
These are modified sweat glands
Definition
Mammary Glands
Term
Milk production is stimulated by the releas of this?
Definition
Prolaction
Term
Milk release is stimulated by?
Definition
Oxytocin
Term
Supensory ligaments (ligaments of cooper) attach this to mammary glands?
Definition
Fascia
Term
Each breast has this many lobes?
Definition
15-20
Term
Average female cycle lasts for this many days?
Definition
28 days
Term
What are the two cycles of the reproductive cycle?
Definition

1. Ovarian cycle- leading to maturation adn release of oocyte

2. uterine (menstruation)Cycle- prepares uterus to receive fertilized egg if not sheds stratum functionalis

Term
FSH initates this growth?
Definition
Follicular
Term
LH causes this to develops?
Definition
Ovarian
Term
Mid cycle day 14 LH triggers ovulation and promotes formation of?
Definition
Corpus Liteum
Term
 This stimulates the growth, development, maintenance of female reporductive structures, secondary sex characterics and the breast?
Definition
Estrogen
Term
This is the only hormone not shared by males and females?
Definition
Progestrone
Term
Progestrone is secreted by this/
Definition
Corpus luteum
Term
Prepares endometrium for implantation of fertilized ovum and prepares mammary glands for milk secretion?
Definition
Progestrone
Term
Progestrone inhib release of GnRH and LH?
Definition
Birth Control
Term
This inhibits contraction of myometrium (uterus stays still aka quiet)
Definition
Relaxin
Term
3 phases of  female reproductive cycle?
Definition

Menstrual phase

Preovulatory phase

Postovulatory phase

Term
This takes place during menstrual phase?
Definition

Days 1-5

Stratum functionalis shed

Term
This takes place during preovulatory phase?
Definition

time between end of medtruation and ovulation

Day 6-13

follicles grow, granulosa cells produce estrogen and progestrone

dominant follicle secretes inhibin

follicles are quickly growing

Term
Ovulation occurs during?
Definition

Day 14

Estrogen levels are high

LH weakens wall of follicle

Secondary oocyte released into pelvic cavity

Term
This is the most constant part of the cycle lasting 14 days, causing a slight rise in basal temperature 24 hours before conception
Definition
Post ovulatory phase
Term
Mature follicle forms corpus luteum due to LH does this during the post ovulatory phase?
Definition
Progestrone, Estrogen and Relaxin for 2 weeks
Term
If zygote implants this is produced?
Definition
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) which prolongs life of corpus luteum
Term
Second ooycte can be fertilized this long after fertilization?
Definition
24 hours
Term
Sperm is viable in the repo tract for this long?
Definition
48 hours
Term
There is a _____ window for fertilization
Definition
3 days (2 ovulation, 1 day after)
Term
Sperm swim using muscular contractions of uterus?
Definition
Prostaglandins
Term
Release of granules causing changes in zona pellucida to prevent other sperm from entering?
Definition
When sperm enters oocyte
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