Term
| These are "identification tags" that label every cell of your body as belonging to you |
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Definition
| Major histocompatibility complex proteins |
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Term
| Suppose 1 molecule of hormone X activated 10 G proteins, each G protein activated 10 adenylate cyclase molecules, etc. etc. This is an example of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurons called osmoreceptors trigger secretion of |
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Definition
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| The stage of exhaustion in the stress response occurs after months of stress and the body's homeostatic conditions deteriorate rapidly when |
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Definition
| The energy demands are met primarily by protein metabolism |
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Term
| Pathogens are prevented from spreading from an infected area by |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymph nodes in the cervical area that are temporarily swollen and painful to the touch most likely indicate |
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Definition
| Inflammation or infection localized in that area |
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Term
| What is the target organ of corticotropin-releasing hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is located most inferiorly? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymphocytes are _____ once they have developed surface receptors for a particular antigen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following hormones passes through the hypothalamo-hypophseal tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypersecretion of GH can cause gigantism if it begins in childhood, but is more likely to cause ____ if it begins in adulthood |
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Definition
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Term
| The stress response, or general adaptation syndrome (GAS), primarily involves the elevated levels of these two hormones |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following correctly traces the four conditions from cause to effect? |
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Definition
| Insulin hypo-secretion to accelerated fat catabolism to ketonuria to diuresis |
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Term
| When lymphocytes called NK cells are "on the lookout" for abnormal cells such as cancerous cells or infected with virus cells, NK releases ______, which make holes in cell membrane of abnormal cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Parathyroid hormone is antagonized by... |
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Definition
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Term
| The thyroid follicles store and secrete ______, while C cells secrete _______. |
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Definition
| thyroid hormone, calcitonin |
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Term
| Lymphocytes similar to T-cells, but called _____ recognize and destroy tumors in a nonspecific fashion, without requiring prior exposure to tumor antigens |
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Definition
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Term
| Calcium metabolism is regulated by |
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Definition
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Term
| Lymphatic trunks converge to form right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct, these drain into |
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Definition
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Term
| The highest pressure that moves substances into the capillary is... |
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Definition
| blood colloid osmotic pressure |
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Term
| Complement C3b protein coats bacteria and stimulates phagocytes by _______ in a process called _____. |
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Definition
| Neutrophils and macrophages; opsonization |
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Term
| Lymphatic system returns about ______L of fluid back to the circulatory system each day. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the following hormones bind to receptors at the cell surface except ____ which binds to the receptor at the cytoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of these is not one of the cardinal signs of inflammation? |
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Definition
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Term
| The uterus is the target organ of |
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Definition
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Term
| When an antigen triggers multiplication of B lymphocytes some daughter cells transform into the antibody-producing cells and mount an attack, while others become |
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Definition
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Term
| Response to stress, adrenal cortex releases cortisol. What stimulates cortisol? |
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Definition
| The hypothalamus releases CRH to the anterior pituitary, which then releases ACTH |
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Term
| Eicosanoids are a family of paracrine secretions derived from |
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Definition
| arachidonic acid; cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Veins and lymphatic vessels |
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Term
| Medullary ischemic reflex results in |
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Definition
| Increased circulation to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| before B lymphocyte can secrete antibodies, it must transform it into |
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Definition
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Term
| angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I by |
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Definition
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Term
| polypeptide precursor that is split up also forms |
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Definition
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Term
| endocrine gland most affected by stress |
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Definition
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Term
| MALT is lymphatic tissue found in places like |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blood flow through individuals |
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Term
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Definition
T4 = 90%
T3 = the one that affects target cells |
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Term
| Noninsulin dependent diabetes results when |
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Definition
| insulin is secreted but target cells lack receptors for it |
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Term
| An infant suckling at mom's breast will stimulate mothers hypothalamus to secrete _____, which is carred down the _____, and stimulates ______ |
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Definition
| OT; hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract; milk ejection |
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Term
| Insulin-like growth factors, or somatomedins, are secreted in response to |
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Definition
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Term
| One has been losing weight, and showing signs of anemia. WBC count revealed an elevated eosinophil count. What's wrong? |
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Definition
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Term
| ____, target cell reduce the number of receptors for a hormone in response to longterm stimulation |
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Definition
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Term
| In an area of injury, leukocytes adhere to endothelium, which is called _______, and then squeeze through spaces between endothelium cells into interstitial fluid, which is called _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Polypeptides stimulate cells to produce antiviral proteins and activate NK cells and macrophages |
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Definition
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Term
| Neutrophils produce a respiratory burst, which destroys more bacteria that can be destroyed by phagocytosis. Respiratory burst results from the formulation of a ______ that reacts with H+ to form __________. |
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Definition
| Superoxide anion; hydrogen peroxide |
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Term
| Complement C3 a protein stimulate mast cells and basophils to promote_______, and complement C3b trigger stimulation of proteins called ______. |
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Definition
| Inflammation; membrane attack complex |
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Term
| Special lymphatic vessels called lacteals absorb dietary ____ that cannot be absorbed through the capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| T3 and T4... 3 and 4 refer to |
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Definition
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Term
| Formed elements most directly responsible for humoral immunity are |
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Definition
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Term
| Autoregulation hypothesis links blood flow to stretch of vascular smooth muscle |
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Definition
| myogenic hypothesis of autoregulation |
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Term
| T cells become immunocompetent during their stay in the |
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Definition
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Term
| Main antigen presenting cells in the body are |
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Definition
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Term
| Thymus secretes hormones ________, which regulate ______. |
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Definition
| Thymopoietin and thymosin; T lymphocytes |
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