Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Parkinsons Disease
Patho. exam 3
51
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
10/28/2010

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
James Parkinson
Definition

Parkinson was first discribed by this man in 1817 and he wrote an essay called "The Shaking Palsey"

the test he did was drawing back blood from the neck

Term
5tha dn 6th decades
Definition
Age group that is striked in parkinsons
Term
Juvenile Parkinsons
Definition
individuals <20 years
Term
50,000/ 1,000,000
Definition
how many new cases a year/ how many are living with PD?
Term
nearly equal in both
Definition
more in male or female?
Term
6Billion
Definition
cost attributed by PD?
Term
Dopamine dificiency
Definition
What is the disease deficient in?
Term
Dompamine dificiency disease
Definition
inhibitory impact on cells 80% of domapine neurons are loss, the neurons are constantly firing when they should not be. patient can not direct movement.
Term
Neurons
Definition
there is a loss of these in the substantia Nigra of the basal ganglia
Term
Where can Lewy bodys be found?
Definition
these can be found in catecholaminergic neurons but also in other neuronal populations. also can be found in the cerebral cortical neurons and in certain cholinergic regions
Term
Diffuse Lewy Body Disease
Definition
when the number of the Lewy bodys in the cortex are considerable and patient present with dementia, they are diagnosised with this?
Term
Corpus Striatum
Definition
the substantia Nigra transmit signals to this next relay station.
Term
Norepinephrine
Definition

individuals with PD also lose nerve endings that produce this neurotransmitter, which is closely related to dopamine

 

it is a chemical messenger of the SNS that controls autonomic body function.

Term
Drugs that cause PD symptoms
Definition

Regian- given for nausea and vomiting

compazine

some hypertensives (thorozine)

MPTP

Term
MPTP
Definition
when people take this drug, it can cause irreversible parkinsons diease
Term
Environmental exposures linked with PD
Definition

manganese- welding dust

cyanide

chronic carbon monoxide

pesticides

herbicides

Term
PD, Alzheimers, Huntington and ALS
Definition
theses diseases all share the same problems- aggrestion and accumulation of abnormal proteins. the inclusions and locations are different but all seem to have the same underlying problem
Term
Basal Ganglia
Definition
this his an inhibitory effect on movement while the cerebellum's effect is excitatory, in PD one loses the inhibitory effect on movement.
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
what has an excitatory affect
Term
70%
Definition
what percent of all excitatory synape are stimulated by neuron transmitter glutamate
Term
Glutamate
Definition
this plays a big role during learning of new things and pulling up memories of long term and short term--increased levels of this
Term
Over stimulation(glutamate) and Lack of dopamine
Definition
the main things in Parkinsons disease
Term
Lewy Bodies
Definition
These are usually found pos mortem, and are clumps of proteins. They can be seen in the substantia Nigra, and cerebral cortex
Term
Chromosome 3-aceruloplasminemia-mutation of ceruloplasmin gene
Definition
Ceruloplasmin helps remove iron from cells normally; but defects can lead to iron deposits that can result in parkinsons
Term
Chromosome 4 and the alpha synuclein gene
Definition
these genes give directions, some familes have 3 copies of this gene and higher incidence of developing this disease
Term
Alpha synuclein
Definition
lewis bodies
Term
Chromosome 6-autosomal
Definition
this is seen in east Europe Jewish people, can be a defect in another gene that occurs in basil ganglia area
Term
These are the 4 cardinal clinical manifestations
Definition
tremor at rest, rigidity, Bradykinesia, Postural instability
Term
Tremor at rest
Definition
caused by loss of inhibitory influence of dopamine (most recognizable and less disabling) in hands, pill rolling, these decrease when diease progress
Term
Rigidity
Definition

involentary contraction of all skeletal muscles. are very jerky movements, short, start complaining of cramping and stiffness, pain, impedes active and passive movement. May start unilaterally and move bilaterally

increase as disease progresses

Term
Bradykinesia
Definition
slowness of movement, very disabling, what causes the most deaths, very wooden and stiff,hard time swallowing and patiet eventually has no movement at all
Term
Postural instability
Definition

change in balance and equilibrium

 

biggest thing is safety- take short steps and don't swing arms when stepping

biggest predictor is if they have fallen before.

Term
Festination
Definition
short, acelerted steps to maintain upright position
Term
propulsion
Definition
falling forward
Term
petropulsion
Definition
falling backwards
Term
some other symptoms of parkinsons
Definition
impairment of manual dexterity, visual abnormalities, dysphagia, freezing, pain, tired, sleep disorder
Term
Stage one
Definition
unilateral
Term
stage two
Definition
bilateral
Term
stage three
Definition
bilateral with postural instability
Term
stage four
Definition
sever disability
Term
stage five
Definition
extraordinary measures
Term
Dopamine replacement
Definition

levadopa/carbidopa- sinemet: lots of nausea and vomiting

madopar

on/off effect

wearing off effect

Term
MAO-B inhibitors
Definition
Eldepryl (deprenyl)
Term
Dopamine Agonist
Definition

medication; stimulate action of dopamine receptors in the brain decrease the amount of sinemet that is needed- link this and pathological gambling

parlodel

permax

neupro

Term
COMT inhibitors
Definition

Medication; blocks enzyme catechol-omethyl transferase which breaks down dopamine--> slow the destruction of dopamine in body

comtess

tasmar

stalevo

Term
Anti-parkinson Drug
Definition
amantadine (symmetral)- when treating for a viral infection with person wiht parkinsons and found to help keep dopamine longer in the brain/ found accidentally
Term
Drug Holiday-method
Definition

this decrease Sx of exacerbation of parkinsons

patient is hospitalized for 5-10 days taken off all meds

temporarily withdrawn from PD meds

Resume Levodopa Rx- increase mobility and increase mental ability

Term
Stereotactic surgery
Definition
perosn sits up in a frame and have beans that beem into the brain. can tell where different areas inthe brain are,patient is awake and burholes are plaved in patient. Lesion areas in the brain that are excitatory and helps to minimize it when it lacks dopamine
Term
Thalamotomy
Definition
either side helps decrease tremors and hemi bolismu
Term
Bolismus
Definition
violent flinging movments
Term
Pallidotomy
Definition
helps mimic effect of dopamine and suppress cells from firing
Supporting users have an ad free experience!