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Parallel Operating Systems Ch.2
Guide to Parallel Operating Systems wtih Windows XP and Linux - Chapter 2 Vocabulary
60
Computer Science
Undergraduate 1
08/27/2010

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Term
Add Network Place Wizard
Definition
A wizard in Windows XP that helps you locate and connect to shared folders on networked computers.
Term
Add Printer Wizard
Definition
A wizard used in Windows XP to make a printer available for your applications.
Term
application
Definition
A program that helps users perform tasks on a PC, such as creating a spreadsheet.
Term
block device
Definition
A device that moves information in blocks or groups of bytes instead of characters. An example is a disk drive.
Term
bus driver
Definition
A WDM driver for an I/O bus. It provides per-slot functionality that is device driven.
Term
character device
Definition
A device that transmits or receives information as streams of characters, one character at a time. An example is a keyboard.
Term
command-line interface (CLI)
Definition
A program you use to give commands to an operating system.
Term
configuration editor
Definition
A special program that helps you create or edit files that contain specific operating instructions for a PC.
Term
context switch
Definition
The process of storing and restoring the state of a processor (the context) so that multiple processes can share a single processor.
Term
cooperative multitasking
Definition
A form of multitasking in which each process controls the length of time it maintains exclusive control over the CPU.
Term
DOS
Definition
A generic term for any operating system that is loaded from disk devices when the system is started or restarted.
Term
dynamic link library (DLL)
Definition
A library of executable functions or data that can be used by a Windows XP application.
Term
Emm386.sys
Definition
An expanded memory manager that creates expanded memory using extended memory.
Term
EMS (Expanded Memory Specification)
Definition
A technique for adding memory to PCs to bypass the 640-KB limit on addressable memory.
Term
Fast User Switching
Definition
A feature in Windows XP that allows users to switch between user accounts on a single PC without quitting applications and logging out.
Term
filter driver
Definition
AWDM driver that filters the I/O requests for a device, a class of devices, or a bus.
Term
Fluxbox
Definition
A window manager that is available on Fedora Core 4.
Term
freeware
Definition
Software that is available free of charge for personal use. Freeware is frequently distributed on the Web.
Term
function driver
Definition
AWDM driver that drives an individual device.
Term
GDI (graphical device interface)
Definition
The display language interface for Microsoft Windows systems.
Term
Ghostscript
Definition
A suite of free software based on an interpreter of the Adobe PostScript and Portable Document Format (PDF) page description languages.
Term
GNOME
Definition
The default desktop for Red Hat’s distribution of Fedora Core 4.
Term
GNU General Public License
Definition
A set of programs written by the Free Software Foundation to provide a free UNIX framework. (GNU stands for “GNU’s Not UNIX.”)
Term
Himem.sys
Definition
The device that manages the use of extended memory and the high memory area.
Term
home directory
Definition
A directory associated with a user account under Fedora Core 4.
Term
KDE
Definition
The default desktop for the SUSE distribution of Fedora Core 4.
Term
kernel
Definition
The core of an operating system. The kernel manages memory, files, and peripheral devices, as well as starting applications and allocating system resources.
Term
microkernel
Definition
A type of kernel that provides a smaller interface over the hardware. Minimal supervisor kernel mode services are provided; some services are executed in user mode.
Term
Microsoft Windows Installer
Definition
An installation and configuration service that ships as part of the Windows XP operating system.
Term
monolithic kernel
Definition
A type of kernel that provides a high-level virtual interface over the hardware. Kernel mode handles the memory management, the scheduler, and device interfaces.
Term
mount command
Definition
A command used in Fedora Core 4 to connect to shared folders on networked computers. The command mounts the remote share.
Term
multiprocessing
Definition
The simultaneous execution of instructions by multiple processors within a single computer.
Term
multitasking
Definition
Concurrently running all active processes and threads on the PC.
Term
multithreading
Definition
Running several processes in rapid sequence (multitasking) within a single program.
Term
My Documents
Definition
A user’s home directory in Windows XP.
Term
networking device
Definition
A category used by Fedora Core 4 for network devices. The Fedora Core 4 kernel uses packets with these devices.
Term
packet
Definition
A unit of information transferred as a whole from one device to another on a network.
Term
physical address
Definition
A number that identifies an actual storage (memory) location in the physical memory on a computer.
Term
PostScript
Definition
A page description language developed and marketed by Adobe Systems.
Term
preemptive multitasking
Definition
A multitasking process in which the OS ensures that all active threads have the opportunity to execute. Preemptive multitasking prevents a single thread from monopolizing a processor.
Term
protected mode
Definition
An operating mode for Intel 80286 and higher processors that supports multitasking, data security, and virtual memory.
Term
real mode
Definition
An operating mode that allows the execution of only one program at a time. Programs can only access 1024 KB of memory and use a 16-bit data path.
Term
Red Hat Package Manager (RPM)
Definition
The Fedora Core 4 manager that provides installation services for applications.
Term
Regedit
Definition
An application that allows the user to edit the entries in the Registry.
Term
Registry
Definition
A central hierarchical database used by Windows XP to store information that is needed to configure the system for one or more users, applications, and hardware devices.
Term
Samba
Definition
A communications protocol used by Fedora Core 4 to support sharing of resources across a network.
Term
Server Message Block (SMB)
Definition
A communications protocol used by Windows-based operating systems to support sharing of resources across a network.
Term
software components
Definition
A collection of applications that make up and relate to the operating system.
Term
standard output device
Definition
Another term for a computer monitor.
Term
symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)
Definition
A system that distributes tasks among CPUs using a load-sharing method.
Term
system-config-printer
Definition
A program used in Fedora Core 4 to set up your printer.
Term
Task Manager
Definition
An application used to track the progress of and provide necessary
Term
text editor
Definition
A program that allows a user to create or edit text files.
Term
thread
Definition
The basic unit of program execution. A process can have several threads running concurrently, each performing a different job.
Term
top command
Definition
A privileged Fedora Core 4 command used by a system administrator to view system information.
Term
Utility
Definition
A program that performs system-related tasks and maintenance on the operating system.
Term
virtual address
Definition
A memory location that intervening hardware and software map to physical memory.
Term
visudo command
Definition
The command in Fedora Core 4 used to edit the /etc/sudoers file.
Term
Windows Driver Model (WDM)
Definition
A 32-bit architecture for creating device drivers for Windows.
Term
XMS (Extended Memory Specification)
Definition
A technique for using extended memory in real mode to store data (but not executable code).
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