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Definition
The Death of Caesar by Gerome
French Academic Art (Realism) 1859
-Not the most dramatic moment
-Heroic and Noble |
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Bathers by Renoir
Impressionism 1887
Thought clothes tied painting to an era |
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Luncheon on the Grass by Manet
Le Dejeuner sur L'Herbe (French)
Impressionism 1863
-shown at the Salon des Refuses |
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Moulin de la Galatte by Renoir
Impressionism 1876
Light is the subject
middle class at leisure
short, small brushstrokes
soft edges
photographic feel - instantaneous |
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Ophelia by Millias
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, England (Realism)
Literary subjects
detail in nature |
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The Bath by Cassatt
-Impressionism 1879
(studied with and considered an impressionist)
-Female artist
-Subjects are mothers and children interior scenes |
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The Gleaners by Millet
Barbizon school (Realism) 1857
-dignity of labor and hard work
-purposely omitted technology |
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Rocky Mountains, Landers Peak by Bierstadt
Paintings and Photography in the United States (During Realism & Impressionism in Europe) 1863
"Manifest Destiny" |
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The Stone Breakers by Courbet
The Barbizon School (Realism) 1849
-Destiny of child is that of his father's
-No faces = everyman
-rough, painterly
-palette of browns |
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Third Class Carriage by Daumier
The Barbizon School (Realism) 1862
-More urban than most barbizon school art
-black outlines on figures
political statement about classes |
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Death of Marat by David
Neoclassical 1793
-Makes Marat a martyr
-contemporary event |
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Lady Sarah Bunburry Sacrificing to the Three Graces by Reynolds
Grand Manner 1765
-high minded seriousness
-often presented in historical settings
-quiet authority
-suggestion of classical contrapposto |
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Definition
Large Odalisque by Ingres
Romanticism 1814
-Foreign subject matter
-style of face inspired by Raphael
-Romantic classicist, mannerist body elongated and distorted
-crisp like neoclassical |
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Liberty Leading the People by Delacroix
Romanticism 1830
-From 2nd Revolution (July Revolution)
-Notre Dome in background
-Liberty is allegorical |
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Definition
Maria Paulina Borghese as Venus Victrix by Canova
The Grand Tour 1808
Marble, life size
-couch cushion echos Hellenistic style
-Idealized from a model, so semi-nude is okay
-curved, fluid graceful
-biggest Neoclassical sculptor in Europe |
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Marie Antoinette with Her Children by Vigee-Lebrun
Neoclassical 1787
-Female Artist
-propaganda for Marie Antoinette: Shows her as a loving mother and invokes pity for losing a baby recently (empty carriage) |
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Napoleon in the Plague House at Jaffa by Gros
Romanticism
-asymmetrical and less crisp
-ruler as near divine
-exotic location, moving image of dead and dying. |
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Oath of the Horatii by David
Neoclassicism 1784-85
-heroic ancient Roman subject-patriotic duty above personal interests
Shallow, stage-like setting
-symmetry: 3 arches, 3 swords, etc.
-Crisp clean style, bold colors |
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On the Grand Canal by Canaletto
The Grand Tour 1735-38
-vedute
-collected paintings like postcards
-part of a proper education |
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Raft of the Medusa by Gericault
Romanticism 1818-19
-real event: only 15 of 149 survived
-Inspired by Michelangelo
-painterly and complex
-also liked to paint the insane |
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The Death of General Wolfe by West
History Painting (Neoclassicism)
-recent historical event; shocking
-British heroes in modern dress was considered bad taste
-naturalistic but not factual
-"higher truth"
-dramatic illumination
-suggests a "lamentation" |
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The Oxbow by Cole
United States (Romantic) 1836
-Father of American landscape painting
America's antiquities - wilderness, "new Eden"
-threatened by urbanization and development |
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Third of May 1808 by Goya
Spanish art (Romantic) 1814-15
-recent history
-anonymous killing machines, cold
-executed facial expressions, terror
-individual injustice |
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Broken Eggs by Grenze
Genre Painting (Baroque) 1756
-broken eggs= loss of honor (morality)
-heavier subject matter than Rococo (immediately preceding this) |
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Judith beheading Holofernes by Gentileschi
-Female artist
Baroque 1625
-Strange lighting
-drama, blood, etc.
-Much like Caravaggio |
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Self-portrait by Judith Leyster
Dutch Baroque 1635
-Female artist, thus considered 2nd rung
-Paintings formerly accredited to Halls ("Greatest painter of all time" with whom she worked) found to be hers
-genre scenes |
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Las Meninas by Velazquez
Spanish Baroque 1656
-very interested in status: Knights of San Tiego cross later painted on
-shows self in with the royal family |
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Louis XIV by Rigaud
French Baroque 1701
-Palace of Versailles
-absolute monarchy, God-given authority
-elegant |
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Definition
Lucretia by Rembrandt
Dutch Baroque 1664
-dramatic "spotlight"
-dramatic facial expression
-Rembrandt colors (earthtones) |
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Captain Frans Banning Cocq Musters his Company (Nightwatch) by Rembrandt
Dutch Baroque 1642
12 ft x 14 ft
-group painting payed for by those in it
-diagonal composition
-Earthtones
-Angel in painting-his dead wife? |
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Reception of Mare de' Medici at Marseilles by Rubens
Flemish Baroque 1622-25
-series of propaganda for her in attempt to win public favor so she wouldn't have to give the throne to her son
-Sea nymphs help her dock, impersonification of France greeting her
-In reality, her arrival was unnoticed
-diagonal composition |
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The Feast of Saint Nicholas by Steen
Genre Paintings (baroque) 1660-65
-Little boy crying (tricked into thinking he didn't get any presents)
-Greedy little girl stealing the others' presents.
-Teaches a moral |
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The Pilgrimage to Cythera by Watteau
Rococo 1717
come to worship at the shrine of love
-silk dresses, trees are perfect, perfect day
-Fete 'gallante |
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Adam & Eve by Durer
Flemish (Ren.) 1504
-Engraving, influenced by Hellenistic sculpture
-Italian & Northern
-parrot = false wisdom
-cat & mouse = devil |
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Burial of Count Orgaz by El Greco
Spanish Court (Ren.) 1586
-Saints came down just to lay him in his grave
-son of El Greco and himself in portrait
-combination of Bzyantine and Mannerist |
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Carrying of the Cross by Brueghel
Netherlandish Art (Ren.) 1564
-Holds on to Medieval more (Netherlandish art)
-hard to distinguish the main action
-crowded composition, peasant based |
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Entombment by Pontormo
Italian Mannerism (Ren.) 1525
-anxious expressions
-odd space, no specific ground line, figures float, ambiguous space
-Empty middle, figures around outside
-clashing, acid colors |
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Feast in the House of Levi by Veronese
Painting in Venice (Ren.) 1573
Controversial painting because it was initially a Last Supper scene, until he was brought before the inquisition for having barbarians in the scene. |
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Henry VIII by Hans Holbein the Younger
England and the English Court (Ren.)
-Huge and Impressive
-luxurious clothing and jewels
-stare, posture, demeanor create image of power
-Hans was a court painter |
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Definition
Isenheim Altarpiece by Grunewald
Germany and the Holy Roman Empire (Ren.) 1510-15
-polyptich, predella
-St. Anthony thought to have healing powers
-Christ looks gruesome, greenish tint
in monastery hospital, people cured by looking at it. |
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Last Judgement by Michelangelo
Renaissance 1541-46
-on front altarpiece of Sistine Chapel
-Worked on while he was in his 60s
-gruesome and chaotic |
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Madonna of the Pesaro Family by Titian
Painting in Venice (Ren.) 1519-26
-painted for a church
-sacre conversazione
-Mary is a gateway to heaven
-diagonal feel
-patron family on edges, st. Peter in the middle |
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Madonna with the Long Neck by Parmigianino
Italian Mannerism (Ren.) 1525
-odd proportions (small figure in corner, long neck, etc.)
enigmatic space |
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Definition
School of Athens by Raphael
Renaissance 1536-41
-commissioned by Pope Julius II (for his library)
-huge competition between Raphael and Michelangelo
-Plato and Aristotle in middle, one side philosophers other has physical scientists
-Not considered Pagan because of Neoplatonism |
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Sistine Chapel Ceiling by Michelangelo
Renaissance 1475-81
-commissioned by Pope Julius II, who told him to paint the 12 apostles
-old testament
-has ignudi and puti (nude figures) controversial because of nudity in a church
-more than 350 figures
-outside edges are prophets and sibyls
-muscular characters and simplified backgrounds |
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The Garden of Earthly Delights by Bosch
Netherlandish Art (Ren.) 1505-15
-oil on panel
-there is no universal explanation of his work
-medieval message: sins come from senses
-3 parts: Eden, Earth, & Hell
-dead fish = past memory
-rats - falsehood/lies
-fruit = carnal pleasure
-eggs - magic |
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The Tempest by Giorgione
Paintings in Venice (Ren.) 1510
-unknown subject matter
-religious connotations - broken columns = punishment for original sin, nude = eve, snake = temptation, storm = wrath of god |
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Virgin of the Rocks by Da Vinci
Renaissance 1485
-pyramidal balance, rebirth of the classical
-actually babies instead of "mini-mes" of the past
-oil on wood
-chiaroscuro |
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Delivery of the Keys to St. Peter by Pietro Perugino
Italian Renaissance outside of Florence, 1482
-Marks the end of Schism, split 2 popes
-interest in perspective
-central plan building with dome and Greek cross in background
-contrapposto stance
-continuous narrative
-triumphal arch; painting of Alberti's ideal temple
-balance, symmetry, clear rational space, proportion, single light source/modeling of form |
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Deposition or Descent from the Cross by Van der Weyden
Flemish Art (Early Ren.) 1435
-Focus on Christ
-repetition of color
-drapery much like campin, his teacher |
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Definition
Ghent Altarpiece
Flemish (Early Ren.) 1432
-Christ is bleeding to show that he is a sacrificial lamb
-Flemish ideal
-theme of salvation
-polyptych |
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Definition
Merode Altarpiece by Campen
Flemish (Early Ren.) 1425-28
-Triptych
-voluminous drapery
-disguised symbolism
-overly foreshortened
-disproportionate size
-immense detail made possible by oil paints |
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Portinari Altarpiece by Hugo Van der Goes
Flemish (Early Ren.)
-Nativity scene
-donor in portrait "divine revelation"
-hidden symbolism (15 angels = 15 joys of Mary, Iris and vine = sorrows of virgin)
-odd proportions |
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Potrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife by Jan van Eyck
Flemish (Early Ren.) 1434
-oil paint creates detail, esp. evident in the mirror's reflection
-hidden symbolism: broom = domestic responsibilities, dog = fidelity or is a show of wealth, no shoes = holy ceremony, mirror = all seeing eye of god |
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Primavera by Botticelli
Italian Renaissance in Florence 1482
-1st painting with mythological subject matter for a long time (Roman?) which was accepted due to Neoplatonistic thought (Venus = Mary)
-Less interest in perspective or depth
-"floaty" figures
-attention to nature |
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The Birth of Venus by Botticelli
Italian Renaissance in Florence 1482
-Neoplatonism made mythological subject matter ok
-no specific ground
-no depth |
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Definition
The Tribute Money by Masaccio
Italian Renaissance in Florence 1427
-continuous narrative
-contrapposto stance
-single light source
-classical interest apparent in dress and architecture
-vanishing point brings focus to Jesus
-Fresco in chapel |
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Definition
Tres Riches Heures by the Limbourg Brothers
French Court (Early Ren.) 1413-16
-Produced for the King's brother
-"very rich hours" (prayers)
-lower classes happily working hard, upper class at leisure
-International Gothic style |
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Trinity with the Virgin, St. John and Donors by Masaccio
-Founder of Renaissance painting
-interest in 1 point perspective
-barrel vault
-donors' "divine revelation"
-pyramidal form
-consistent light sources
-bottom (not seen here) reminder of death (it's a skeleton) |
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Annunciation by Martini
Italian Gothic
-punch work in background
-hidden symbolism (white lilies = purity of virgin, dove/sunburst = holy spirit)
-Long, slender figures that appear weightless
-flat gold background
-Gothic arches and tracery
-faces have byzantine influence |
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Madonna in Majesty by Cimabue
Italian Gothic
-Mary with child = throne of wisdom
-body shape odd, no real form
-spacial ambiguity
-intuitive perspective |
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Definition
Maesta by Duccio
Sienese (Italian Gothic)
-Altarpiece
-tempera on wood
-dedicated to virgin Mary
-uses gold leaf
-Byzantine symmetry and long nose, oval face, and slender bodies
-hierarchy of size
-Mary's throne represents church of Sienna |
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Definition
The Lamentation in Arena Chapel Padua by Giotto
-Lamenting Christ's death after he's taken down from the cross
-people in a landscape - specific sky and ground
-individualized expressions and positions vs. Byzantine rows
-dramatic expressions
-single light source to create well modeled form |
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Bayeux Tapestry
Norman-Anglo-Saxon embroidery from Canterbury, Kent, England or Bayeux, Normandy, France (Romanesque)
-Narrative in registers
-230 feet long
-probably embroidered by women
-Celebrate battle of Hastings in 1066
-Latin text tells us about dress, battle style, etc
-words and gestures guide the viewer to the next scene |
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Chi Rho page book of Kells
Early Medieval
-completed in Scotland
-tempera on vellum
-most elaborately decorated book
-survived viking raids
-unprecedented amount of full page illuminations
-holy words become abstract designs |
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St. Matthew from Ebbo Gospels
Carolingian Period (Early Medieval)
-illuminated manuscript
-agitated lines; drapery vibrates
-intense gaze, eyebrows
-weird illusion of space
-modeling of form |
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Definition
Cross and carpet page from Lindisfarne Gospels
Hiberno-Saxon books (Early Medieval) c. 698-721
-In book of Kells
-design reflects place it was made, bragging rights
-dense, controlled animal interlace
-organic and geometric shapes
-combined irish and hiberno saxon motifs |
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