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OT Final Exam
Final Exam Flash Cards
51
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
04/27/2012

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Term
Who Wrote Lamentations?
Definition
Possibly Jerimiah
Term
When was Lamentations Written?
Definition
587 BC

After the Fall of Jerusalem
Term
What are the Formal Elements to Lamentations?
Definition
Acrostic Form
Term
Lamentation's Theological Purpose?
Definition
Urged Israel to not doubt God's sovereignty
Term
Does Lamentations contain any hope?
Definition
Yes

Israel must accept God's judgement but know there is hope to come
Term
Is it okay to complain to God in this way? (Lamentations)
Definition
Yes
Term
What is the Hebrew name for Ecclesiastes?
Definition
"Qoheleth"

- means teacher
Term
What does Qohelet observe about the rewards and punishments in this life? (Ecclesiastes)
Definition
All of life is vanity because in the end we all die
Term
What is his view of the afterlife? (Ecclesiastes)
Definition
No hope no matter how hard you work
Term
How does he counsel us to live? (Ecclesiastes)
Definition
“Eat your bread with joy, and drink your wine with a merry heart; for God has already accepted your works."

Fear the LORD - Keep his commandments
Term
Does Ecclesiastes belong in the canon?
Definition
Yes, because it shows human hopelessness without God
Term
As you read your textbook, pay special attention to the “Contributions to Biblical Theology” section. (Ecclesiastes)
Definition
1. People are limited to dictate the way God has ordained the events in their lives

2. Humans are limited in knowing God ways

3. Grace shows itself through God's provision for the good things of earth

4. Death is inevitable but the time is unknown

5. Enjoyment is found in expression gratitude for God's provision

6. Ecclesiastes pessimism and harsh realities set up a picture of the coming death and resurrection of Jesus Christ
Term
Notice the structure of Job
Definition
1. Prologue (Prose)

2. Laments, dialogues + speeches (Poetry)

3. Epilogue (Prose)
Term
Does this suggest anything about the unity of the book of Job?
Definition
It suggests that an editor added prose/epilogues later to expound upon the story

* The question on the final asks if this editing has any effect on the validity or intent of the message?
Term
“To the people in exile, Ezekiel brought a great message of hope” What were some elements of that message?
Definition
I shall be a sanctuary for them in the countries where they have gone

I will give you the land of Israel

I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit within them, and take out their heart of stone, and give them a heart of flesh, that they may walk in My statues and keep My judgments

They shall be My people and I will be their God.” (Ezek. 11:16-20).
Term
Describe the movements of the glory of God in the visions of Ezekiel. (1st appearance)
Definition
God's glory is first shown to Ezekiel in the form of a whirlwind

Within it came the likeness of four creatures

Each had four faces and four wings, each with the face of a man, an eagle, an ox, and a lion

The living creatures appearance = like burning coals


This first description is “the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD” (1:28b).

It is in this call vision that the LORD reaches down and hands Ezekiel a scroll and written on both sides were lamentations and mourning and woe. God tells Ezekiel to eat the scroll and to speak His words to the house of Israel. He tells Ezekiel that because he is basically familiar, they won’t hear or believe him because they are stubborn. He warns Ezekiel to preach anyway, because God says if they die and have heard of their iniquity, then Ezekiel is free from responsibility, but if they die and do not hear of their iniquity, their blood is on his hands.
Term
Describe the movements of the glory of God in the visions of Ezekiel. (2nd appearance)
Definition
Ezekiel is carried by his hair to Jerusalem from Babylon in a vision

“..the hand of the Lord God fell upon me there . . . and there was a likeness, like the appearance of fire"

God shows him a flashback of all of the abominations going on in the temple prior to the exile, and a vision of God’s glory leaving the temple.

God commissions six angels/spirits and commands the one with an inkhorn to mark the heads of those who are righteous in Jerusalem, and for the other 5 to go and slaughter all of those who do not have this mark on their heads.

Ezekiel cries out to the Lord asking if He will utterly destroy Jerusalem, and God promises to gather them again. Then Ezekiel preaches all he was shown to the people in exile.
Term
What is the meaning of the dry bones in Ezekiel?
Definition
It is representative of God’s restoration of Israel as a nation and as His people.

Dry bones = the spiritual deadness of Israel
Term
What does Ezekiel say about David?
Definition
“I will establish one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them—My servant David. He shall feed them and be their shepherd. And I, the LORD, will be their God."
Term
What is his view of the individual?
Definition
The individual is now responsible for his/her own sin.

The sins of the fathers will no longer be put upon the 3rd and 4th generations!
Term
Regardless of who wrote Isaiah 40-55, these chapters seem to be addressed to the exilic community of the 6th century. Do you agree?
Definition
Yes = appears to the people in exile
Term
If so, what evidence is there in the biblical text to support this view? (Isaiah)
Definition
Three major arguments:

1) Internal evidence points to Babylonian captivity

2) Literary style of 40-66 is DIFFERENT than 1-39

3) Theological ideas of 40-66 differ greatly from 1-39
Term
Note the importance of the following themes in Isaiah:
(Comfort)
Definition
Comfort 40:1-2, 54:6

Promise of the Messiah to pardon their iniquity and restore them to the land. Hope for the Israelites that their time in exile is almost over.
Term
Note the importance of the following themes in Isaiah:
(Creation)
Definition
Creation 42:5, 40:12-28 (They shall run and not be weary), 45:7

Instead continuing to focus on why they are in exile, they chose to focus on creation and God’s sovereignty
Term
Note the importance of the following themes in Isaiah:
(Exodus)
Definition
New Exodus 48:20-21, 43:16-19, 40:3-5, 51:9-11
Term
In what sense can Cyrus be considered a “messiah” (Isaiah 45:1)?
Definition
539 takes Babylon

538 edict to Jews to return to the land, rebuild their temple and to do so with Persian funds.

He saved the people from the religious oppression of Babylon, and restored them their freedom to practice Yahwehist worship and their land.
Term
Who is the suffering servant of Yahweh?
Definition
Israel
Term
How did God use Jeremiah to prepare his people for the Gospel?
Definition
Set forth the concept of the “suffering servant”

Prepares them for the new covenant God is going to make in Christ.

“Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the houses of Israel and with the house of Judah

I will put my law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people.
Term
Why did the concept of a suffering messiah seem incongruous to the Jews of Jesus’ day?
Definition
Characteristics of the Servant: chosen, endowed with the Spirit, brings justice to the nations, restores Israel, SUFFERS


Who is the Servant? Cyrus (but he DOESN'T SUFFER for the people), some have suggested a Prophet, but Nelson suggests that it is Israel.

Jesus fulfills this in a greater way later.
Term
Zerubbabel
Definition
Davidide

Led the 2nd wave of exiles back in Judah

Uncle: Sheshbazzars = finished laying the temple's foundation during the time of Joshua
Term
Joshua
Definition
High Priest in the time of Zerubaabel
Term
Sheshbazzar
Definition
Son of Jehoiachin

Laid the temple's foundation

Appointed Gov. of Judah by Cyrus
Term
Haggai
Definition
Prophet to the Jews who had returned from the Exile in Babylon.

Urges them to rebuild the temple, and when they do, assures them that God is with them.
Term
Zechariah
Definition
High Priest, prophesied after the time of Haggai.

Refers to Messiah as “BRANCH”
Term
What events led up to the release of the Jews from captivity and their return to Judah?
Definition
Cyrus (King of Persia) took over Babylon

Sent Sheshbazzar to be Gov. of Judah

Cyrus gives Babylonian funds to rebuild the temple
Term
What were conditions like for those who returned?
Definition
No Food

Poverty
Term
How did the temple come to be rebuilt?
Definition
Haggai got mad at the people for being apathetic toward the temple.
Term
Compare Chronicles with Samuel-Kings.
Definition
Canon
Hebrew Bible English Bible

Section: Writings Section: History

Order: Order: Ezra-Nehemiah 1 Chronicles
Chronicles 2 Chronicles
Ezra
Term
What are some elements of the Chronicler's historical perspective?
Definition
Glorifies David = leaves out story with Bathsheba

Ignores Israel
Term
Political perspective?
Definition
Now that they are back in the land, they need role models for encouragement.

Ex. Look to David as a role model and ignore the story about Bathsheba
Term
Theological perspective?
Definition
Chronicles emphasizes the supernatural
Term
When did Ezra return?
Definition
458 BC

Coincides with the 2nd return to Judah
Term
What was Ezra’s purpose for returning to Judah?
Definition
To read the scrolls (Law) to the people
Term
What was Nehemiah’s purpose for returning to Judah?
Definition
To build the walls around Jerusalem
Term
When does your textbook date the book of Daniel?
Definition
2nd or 6th Century
Term
On what basis? (Daniel)
Definition
Linguistic
Term
Is Daniel apocalyptic?
Definition
Yes
Term
How is apocalyptic prophecy different from classical prophecy?
Definition
Apocalyptic: universal, cosmic, end of history, divine happenings, focus on Son of Man in comparison to YHWH
Term
Why is Daniel considered to be part of this genre?
Definition
Because his predictions are grandiose

Involve eternal repercussions

Anticipate the Messiah
Term
What is the book’s relation to history? (Daniel)
Definition
Cyrus was called "the anointed of God"

aka "Messiah"
Term
Should Daniel be interpreted in the light of the second century?
Definition
Yes

In terms of Cyrus being the Messiah
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