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Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
Bones and Stuff
25
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/17/2012

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Cards

Term
Growth hormone and thyroxine
Definition
________ stimulate bone growth.
Term
Estrogens and androgens
Definition
________ stimulate osteoblasts.
Term
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
Definition
________ regulate calcium and phosphate levels.
Term
Calcitriol
Definition
_________ is made in the kidneys. Helps absorb calcium and phosphorus from digestive tract. Synthesis requires vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)
Term
Sutural Bones
Definition
Small, irregular bones found between the flat bones of the skull.
Term
Bones are classified by?
Definition
1. Shape
2. Internal tissue organization
3. Bone markings (surface features; marks)
Term
Irregular Bones
Definition
Have complex shapes
Examples: spinal vertebrae, pelvic bones
Term
Short Bones
Definition
Small and thick
Examples: ankle and wrist bones
Term
Flat Bones
Definition
Thin with parallel surfaces
Examples: Found in the skull, sternum, ribs, and scapulae
Term
Long Bones
Definition
Long and thin
Examples: Found in arms, legs, hands, feet, fingers, and toes
Term
Sesamoid Bones
Definition
Small and flat
Develop inside tendons near joints of knees, hands, and feet
Term
Process
Definition
Any projection or bump in a bone.
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
The shaft of a bone
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
Wide part at each end of a bone
Term
Metaphysis
Definition
Where diaphysis and epiphysis meet
Term
Canaliculi
Definition
Form pathways for blood vessels
Exchange nutrients and wastes
Term
Periosteum
Definition
Covers outer surfaces of bones
Consists of outer fibrous and inner cellular layers
Term
Osteocyte
Definition
Mature bone cell that maintains the bone matrix
Term
Osteoprogenitor cell
Definition
Stem cell whose divisions produce osteoblasts
Term
Osteoblast
Definition
Immature bone cell that secretes organic components of matrix
Term
Osteoclast
Definition
Multinucleate cell that secretes acids and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix
Term
Two major functions of osteocytes
Definition
1. To maintain protein and mineral content of matrix
2. To help repair damaged bone
Term
Osteogenesis
Definition
Bone formation
Term
Ossification
Definition
The process of replacing other tissues with bone
Term
Calcification
Definition
The process of depositing calcium salts
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