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osseous tissue and bone structure
basic study questions
25
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
06/13/2012

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Term
the functions of the skeletal system
Definition
support, storage of minerals and fat, blood cell production, protection, leverage
Term
what are the shapes of bones?
Definition
sutural, irregular, short, flat, long, and sesamoid
Term
diaphysis
Definition
the shaft of a bone
Term
epiphysis
Definition
the extended end of the end of the bone
Term
medullary cavity
Definition
round central space of bone also known as the marrow cavity
Term
diploe
Definition
in the cranium, the layer of spongy bone between the layers of compact bone
Term
osteocytes
Definition
bone cells
Term
lacunae
Definition
pockets in bone matrix that hold osteocytes
Term
canaliculi
Definition
narrow passageways in the matrix extend between the lacunae and blood vessels creating a passageway for the exchange of nutrients, waste, and gasses
Term
hydroxyapatite
Definition
calcium phosphate interacts with calcium hydroxide to form these crystals
Term
lamellae
Definition
layers of lacunae sandwiched between matrix
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
produce new bone matrix
Term
osteoprogenitor cells
Definition
mesenchymal cells that divide to produce daughter cells that differenciate into osteoblasts
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
cells that remove and recycle bone matrix
Term
osteolysis
Definition
erosion process where the osteoclasts disolve matrix and release the stored minerals
Term
osteon
Definition
the basic functional unit of mature compact bone
Term
trabeculae
Definition
a meshwork of supporting bundles of of fibers in spongy bone
Term
red bone marrow
Definition
responsible for blood cell formation
Term
yellow bone marrow
Definition
adipose tissue important as an energy reserve
Term
periosteum
Definition
a membrane that covers all bones
Term
endosteum
Definition
an incomplete cellular layer that lines the medullary cavity
Term
calcification
Definition
the deposition of calcium salts
Term
endochondral ossification
Definition
when cartilage models are gradually replaced by bone
Term
primary ossification center
Definition
the begining site of bone development
Term
spicules
Definition
small struts of developing bone that grows outward from the ossification center.
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