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OS/Linux - CTN143
General knowledge
26
Computer Science
Undergraduate 2
05/09/2015

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Term
Shell
Definition
Any application or group of applications which is used to interpret keyboard input that is passed into the operating system for output.
Term
Terminal
Definition
A text-only emulator program, such as konsole, that is used as a container for a command line that accepts typed commands (in Linux, most commonly bash).
Term
bash (Bourne Again SHell)
Definition
Shell program created by the GNU Project that is commonly used in modern Linux distros.
Term
TTY (TeleTypewriter)
Definition
Terminal-only desktop environment.
Term
CLI (Command Line Interface)
Definition
Shell-implemented interface used to input/output typed commands.
Term
TUI (Text User Interface)
Definition
Older, keyboard and text-only interface. Examples include BIOS and older Linux distros like SLS.
Term
Display Server/Window System
Definition
Service that tells applications and window managers how to render (draw) windows/objects to the screen. Examples: X11/XWindows, MIR, Wayland, CygWin (Windows).
Term
Window Manager
Definition
Deals with layout and placement of windows. WM Examples: kwin, twm, metacity, openbox, DWM (Windows).
Term
Desktop Environment
Definition
Provides a consistent "look and feel" of a GUI interface. Consists of a window manager, toolkit (gtk, QT, EFL, etc), and a set of base applications. Examples: KDE, gnome, Xfce, Enlightenment, cinnamon, mate.
Term
Display Manager
Definition
Consists of the login screen. Provides authorization for switching users, defines which screen/desktop to draw objects on, allows selection and execution of a desktop environment and window manager. Examples: KDM, GDM, XDM, Slim.
Term
The freedom for users to run, copy, modify, and distribute software. NOT necessarily free of cost.
Definition
What does "freedom" mean regarding "free software"?
Term
GNU (GNU's Not Unix)
Definition
A Unix-like OS that was combined with the Linux kernel to create Linux.
Term
GPL (General Public Licence)
Definition
Software licence used by Linux.
Term
Distribution/Distro
Definition
Unix/Linux like operating system designed and configured for the use of a specific type of user, system, or purpose. Typically consists of the Linux kernel, display server, window manager, desktop environment, and various applications.
Term
/
Definition
Refers to the root of the filesystem.
Term
~
Definition
Refers to the location of the home directory.
Term
$
Definition
bash character which refers to a user with standard privileges.
Term
#
Definition
bash character which refers to the root user.
Term
POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface)
Definition
Set of IEEE compatibility standards used by most Unix like operating systems.
Term
GRUB (Grand Unified Boot Loader)
(Older Linux may still use LILO - Linux Loader)
Definition
Most common modern Linux boot loader.
Term
u - user
g - group
o - others (world)
a - all
Definition
chmod user levels
Term
(1) output
(2) input
Definition
The pipe character sends the __(1)__ of the first command to the __(2)__ of the second command.
Term
(1) Absolute
(2) Relative
Definition
Path types:
(1) Points to the exact location.
(2) Points to the location in relevance to the current working path.
Term
Host name
Definition
Designates the system that is currently being worked on (seen after @ in bash).
Term
(1) Option
(2) Argument
Definition
(1) Modifies a command.
(2) The items that a command acts upon.
Term
Pager
Definition
Allows easy viewing of long text documents.
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