Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Orgo MCAT
based on Kaplan
17
Organic Chemistry
Undergraduate 3
08/11/2012

Additional Organic Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Alkanes
Definition

Simplest org molecules.

Only have C and H w/ single bonds

Generally CnH2n+2

Term
4 simplest alkanes
Definition

methane(1C), ethane(2C), propane(3C) & butane(4C)

 

... then prop, hex,hept, octane, nonane,decane, undecane, dodecane(12C)

Term
naming complex compounes steps
Definition
  1. find backbone
  2. order  and number chain so lowest number of substituents is obtained
  3. name substituents w/ prefix and ending with -yl                  -use "n-prefix" for unbranched "normal" compound
  4. assign a number to each substituent even is a prefix already attached to each substituent (di-,tri-,tetra-, etc)
  5. complete name by listing in alphabetical order. Ignore prefixes like di, tri, etc., but don't ignore neo-, cyclo-, iso-. 
Term
Cycloalkanes
Definition
Alkanes that form rings are names according to the # of carbon atoms in the ring w/ prefix cyclo-
Term
Naming complicated molecules: Alkenes
Definition
  • C=C double bonds. end in "-ene"                             -select longest chain w/ double bond & number so double bond # as low as possible
  • multiple double bonds must be named w/ di, tri, etc. prefixes

 

Term
Naming Alkynes
Definition
  • triple bonds between carbons
  • *ethyne is commonly known as acetylene
  • -yne
Term

Substituted Alkanes:

Haloalkanes

Definition
  • compounds with a halogen

[image]

 

Term

Substituted Alkanes:

 

Alcohols!

Definition
  • to name, replace -e of the corresponding alcohol with -ol
  • number so the C attached to the -OH (hydroxyl group) receives the lowest number possible. 
  • -OH gets priority over double bonds
  • diols (or glycols) have 2 hydroxyl groups

[image]

 

Term

substituted alkanes:

 

Ethers

Definition
have O
Term

substituted alkanes:

 

Aldehydes & Ketones

Definition

Aldehydes: suffix -al replaces -e of the corresponding alkane. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde & propionaldehyde don't follow this convention. Always at number 1. Contain an O double bond & at least one H

Ketones: -one suffix. May also use oxo- prefix

Have an O double bond

[image]

 

Term

substituted alkanes:


Carboxylic acids

Definition

Use suffix -oic and add -e to corresponding alkane

--generally formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid used instead 

--characterized by O double bond and OH also attached

[image]

Term

substituted alkanes:

 

Amines

Definition

Having N attached. Is simple, replace -e w/ -amine

If more complex, amino- prefix used

 

Term

cis 

 

vs. 

 

trans compounds

Definition

They are different b/c they have different dipole moments. In a trans compound, they are on opposite sides of a double bond, so cancel ea. other out

 

trans compounds generally have higher boiling points b/c more symmetrical and pack more tightly

Term
Fischer projections
Definition
Horizontal lines represent bonds projecting out from page & vice versa for vertical lines
Term
optical activity of enantiomers
Definition

plane polarized light will be rotated by an enantiometer by alpha. If rotates right, dextrorotatory (+)

If left, levorotatory (-)

 

*must be determined experimentally!

 

To standardize rotations from diff concs/tube lengths:

 

specific rotation [alpha] = observed rotation of alpha                          .                                    conc (g/ml) & length (dm)

Supporting users have an ad free experience!