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Organizational Behavior
Chapter 8
56
Business
Undergraduate 3
02/17/2010

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Term
Motivation
Definition
Psychological process that arouse and direct behavior
Term
Content Theories of Motivation
Definition
identify internal factors influencing motivation
Term
Process Theories of Motivation
Definition
Identify the Process by which internal factors and cognitions influence motivation
Term
needs
Definition
Physiological or phychological deficiencies that arouse behavior
Term
need Hierarchy Theory
Definition
Five basic needs - Physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self- actualization - influence behavior
Term
ERG Theory
Definition
three basic needs - existence, relatedness, and growth - influence behavior
Term
Need for achievement
Definition
Desire to accomplish something difficult
Term
Need for Affiliation
Definition
Desire to spend time in social relationships and activities
Term
need for Power
Definition
Desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve
Term
Motivators
Definition
Job characteristics associated with job satisfaction
Term
Hygiene Factors
Definition
Job characteristics associated with job dissatisfaction
Term
Equity Theory
Definition
Hold that motivation is a function of fairness in social exchanges
Term
negative inequity
Definition
comparison in which another person recieves greater outcomes for similar inputs
Term
Positive inequity
Definition
comparrison in which another person recieves lesser outcomes for similar imputs
Term
Equity Sensitivity
Definition
an individual's tolerance for negative and positive equity
Term
Distributed Justice
Definition
the perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed
Term
Procedural Justice
Definition
The perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make allocation decisions
Term
Interaction Justice
Definition
Extent to which people feel fairly treated when procedures are implemented
Term
Expectancy Theory
Definition
Holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce valued outcomes
Term
Expectancy
Definition
belief that effort leads to a specific level of performance
Term
Instumentality
Definition
A performance -> outcome perception
Term
Valence
Definition
the value of a reward or outcome
Term
goal
Definition
What an Individual is trying to accomplish
Term
Goal specificity
Definition
Quantifiability of a goal
Term
Action Plan
Definition
Activities or tasks to be accomplished to obtain a goal
Term
Goal commitment
Definition
Amount of commitment to achieving a goal
Term
Job design
Definition
Changing the content or process of a specific job to increase job satisfaction and performance
Term
Scientific management
Definition
Using research and experimentation to find the most efficient way to perform a job
Term
Job Enlargement
Definition
Putting more variety into a job
Term
Job rotation
Definition
Moving employees from one specialized job to another
Term
Job enrichment
Definition
Building achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsbility, and advancement into a job.
Term
Intrinsic motivation
Definition
motivation caused by positive internal feelings
Term
Core job dimensions
Definition
job characterstics found to various degrees in all jobs
Term
Repetitive motion disorders (RMDs)
Definition
muscular disorders caused by repeated motions
Term

Dissatisfaction

(Hygiene Factors)

Definition
Jobs with poor policies and administration, technical supervision, salary, interpersonal relationships with supervisors, and working conditions.
Term

No Dissatisfaction

(Hygiene Factors)

Definition
Jobs with good company policies and administration, technical supervision, salary, interpersonal realtionships with supervisors, and working conditions.
Term

No Satsfaction

(Motivators)

Definition
Jobs that do not offer achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement.
Term

Satisfaction

(Motivators)

Definition
JObs offering achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement.
Term
Content Theories
Definition

Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory

Alderfer's ERG Theory

McClelland's Need Theory

Herzber's Motivator-Hygiene Theory

Term
Process Theories
Definition

Adam's Equity Theory

Vroom's Expectancy Theory

Goal Setting Theory

Term
Benevolents
Definition
have a higher tolerance for negative inequity
Term

existence

(ERG Theory)

Definition
Desire for physiological and materialistic well-being
Term

Relatedness

(ERG Theory)

Definition
Desire to have meaningful relationships with significant others.
Term

Growth

(ERG Theory)

Definition
Desire to grow and use one's abilities to their fullest potential
Term

The Need for Achievement

(McClelland's Need Theory)

Definition
Desire to Achieve desired outcomes
Term

The Need for Affiliation

(McClelland's Need Theory)

Definition
Desire to spend timei n social relatinships and activities
Term

The Need for power

(McClellands's Need Theory)

Definition
Desire to influence, coach, teach, or influence others' behavior
Term
Hygiene factors job characteristics associate with job dissatisfaction
Definition

-salary

-supervisory relations

-working conditions

Term
Motivators job characterstics associated with job Satisfaction
Definition

-Achievement

-recongnition

-Responsibility

Term
Alderfer's ERG Theory
Definition
Frustration Regression
Term
Equity Theory
Definition
people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges
Term

Benevolents

(Equity Sensitivity)

Definition
have a higher tolerance for negative inequity
Term

Sensitives

(equity sensitivity)

Definition

Adhere to Strict norm of reciprocity

are quickly motivated to resolve both negative and positive inequity.

Term

Entitleds

(Equity Sensitivity)

Definition

have no tolerance for negative inequity

expect to obtain greater output/input ratios than comparison others and become upset when this is not the case

Term
Organizational justice
Definition
reflects the extent to which people perceive that they are treated fairly at work.
Term
Interactional Justice
Definition

the quality of the interpersonal treatment people receive when procedures are implemented

it focuses on whether or not people feel they are treated fairly when decisions are implemented

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