Shared Flashcard Set

Details

ORG B 321 BYU - Exam 1
BYU Org B 321
66
Business
Undergraduate 3
02/04/2012

Additional Business Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Tuckman's Theory of Group Development
Definition
Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjouring (FSNPA)
Term
Forming
Definition
Tuckman's Theory of Group Development - Uncertain about goals or leadership
Term
Storming
Definition
Tuckman's Theory of Group Development - Time of testing, individuals try to figure how they fit in the power structure, procrastination may occur
Term
Norming
Definition
Tuckman's Theory of Group Development - Questions about authority are resolved through discussion, GROUP COHESIVENESS (We feel like a group...WE)
Term
Performing
Definition
Tuckman's Theory of Group Development - Group is focused on solving tasks, climate of open communication, strong cooperation, and lots of helping behavior
Term
Adjourning
Definition
Tuckman's Theory of Group Development - work is done, team dissolves, moves on to other things
Term
Task Role
Definition
Enable the group to define, clarify, and pursue a common purpose
Term
Maintenance Role
Definition
Keeps the group together
Term
Formal Group
Definition
A group formed by a manager to help the organization accomplish its goals
Term
Informal Group
Definition
When the members overrriding purpose of getting together is friendship (blogs, family reunion)
Term
Espoused Values
Definition
Voiced values created by the company
Term
Types of Organizational Culture
Definition
Clan, Adhocracy, Market, and Hierarchy
Term
Clan Culture
Definition
i. Employee focused, everyone is like a big family
ii. Customers are treated as partners
iii. The company spends lots of money on its employees
iv. Innovation is centered for employees
Term
Adhocracy Culture
Definition
i. External focus, values flexibility
ii. Big time on creativity and innovation
iii. Innovation is centered for customers
Term
Market Culture
Definition
i. Strong external focus, values stability and control
ii. Driven by competition and desire to deliver results
iii. Focused on external environment (competition), customers, and profits
Term
Hierarchy Culture
Definition
i. Internal focus, values stability and control over flexibility
ii. Leads to the development of reliable internal processes, extensive measurement, and the implementation of a variety of control mechanisms.
Term
Organizational Socialization
Definition
a. The process by which a person learns the values, norms, and required behaviors which permit him to participate as a member of the organization
Term
Three-Phase Model of Organizational Socialization
Definition
Phase 1: Anticipatory Socialization
Phase 2: Encounter
Phase 3: Change and Acquisition
Term
Phase 1 of the Three-Phase Model of Organizational Socialization
Definition
Anticipatory Socialization: Before you join the company; your anticipations about the organization, needed skills, and values
Term
Phase 2 of the Three-Phase Model of Organizational Socialization
Definition
Phase 2: Encounter - At the company, managing role conflicts, role definition, group dynamics, and lifestyle vs. work conflicts
Term
Phase 3 of the Three-Phase Model of Organizational Socialization
Definition
Phase 3: Change and Acquisition - After at the company for a while, you master your tasks and roles, and adjust to group values and norms
Term
Societal Culture, definition of
Definition
Involves shared values, norms, identities, and interpretation that result from common experiences of members of collectives that are transmitted over time.
Term
Global Intelligence
Definition
The ability to accurately interpret ambiguous cross-cultural situations
Term
Individualistic Cultures
Definition
Characterized as "I" and "me" cultures, give priority to individual freedom and choice
Term
Collectivist Cultures
Definition
Oppositely called "we" and "us" cultures, rank shared goals higher than individual desires and goals.
Term
High Context Cultures
Definition
Rely heavily on situational cues for meaning when perceiving and communicating with others (Arabs, Asians, Mexico)
Term
Low-Context Cultures
Definition
Written and spoken words carry the burden of shared meanings
Term
Monocronic Time
Definition
Revealed in the ordered, precise, schedule-driven use of public time that typifies and even caricatures efficient Northern Europeans and North Americans
Term
Polychronic Time
Definition
Is seen in the multiple and cyclical activities and concurrent involvement with different people in Mediterranean, Latin American, and especially Arab cultures
Term
Expatriate
Definition
Refers to anyone living and or working outside their home country
Term
Psychological Capital
Definition
Openness to other cultures and willingness to change; passion for diversity, thirst for adventure, and self-assurance.
Term
Perception
Definition
A cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings
Term
Four Stage Social Perception Model
Definition
Stage 1: Selective Attention / Comprehension
Stage 2: Encoding and Simplification
Stage 3: Storage and Retention
Stage 4: Retrieval and Response
Term
Social Perception Model - Stage 1: Selective Attention / Comprehension
Definition
Remember the gorilla walking across??
Comprehension is realizing something has gone on
Term
Social Perception Model - Stage 2: Encoding and Simplification
Definition
Making sense of what just happened. Schema and stereotypes come into play.
Term
Social Perception Model - Stage 3: Storage and Retention
Definition
Term
Social Perception Model - Stage 4: Retrieval and Response
Definition
...
Term
Salient Stimuli
Definition
Salient means something that stands out of context (250 pound man in a woman's exercise class). It also means what is most relevant to YOU. If my gas is low, I will notice a Texaco before I notice a McDonalds.
Term
Cognitive Categories
Definition
We assign objects to certain categories. Dogs --> Animals
Term
Schema
Definition
a person's mental picture or summary of a particular event or type of stimulus...My image of a sports car…What box does this object go into?

A schema is like a stereotype for a specific individual.
Term
Stereotype
Definition
An individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of a group...a correct idea of how
things should be.

A stereotype is like a schema but for a group.
Term
Implicit Cognition
Definition
Thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness. This can be a problem when hiring.
Term
Causal Attributions
Definition
Suspected or inferred causes of behavior. Kelly's Model of Attribution says there are internal and external factors when attributing causal behavior
Term
Consensus
Definition
a. Is one person doing it, or is the whole team? Whole team = high consensus
b. Relates to other people
Term
Distinctiveness
Definition
a. How does one task compare to others? If it happens only once among many tasks, its low in distinctiveness
Relates to other tasks
Term
Consistency
Definition
a. A person performs a certain task the same way time after time is high consistency
b. Relates to time
Term
Fundamental Attribution Bias
Definition
Reflects one's tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics, as opposed to situational factors

Example: You fire a woman for falling asleep at work because you thought she was lazy. Turns out she has a kid she goes home to who keeps her up all night.
Term
Self-Serving Bias
Definition
Represents one's tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure

Example: You blame the company for getting you stressed enough to do drugs. "It wasn't my fault". Place it on the environment (external factors) rather than yourself (internal)
Term
Convergent Thinking
Definition
Proceeds toward a single answer (Groups excel at this)
Term
Divergent Thinking
Definition
Goes to a wide variety of answers (Individuals excel at this)
Term
Selective Perception
Definition
Think of the gorilla example. We don't have our attention on wide beam. We choose to focus on certain things and we cannot multi-task too well.
Term
Confirmation Bias
Definition
2 Parts: 1) Subconsiciously decide something before investigating why it is the right decision 2) Then we seek information that only confirms our point of view.
Term
Competing Values Framework
Definition
a practical way for managers to understand, measure, and change organizational culture. The four values are:
* Market
* Hierarchy
* Clan
* Adhocracy
Term
Onboarding
Definition
Programs that help employees integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs by making them familiar with corporate policies, procedures, and culture and by clarifying work role expectations and responsibilities.
Term
Collective Socialization
Definition
Grouping newcomers and exposing them to a common set of experiences rather than treating them individually.
Term
Formal Socialization
Definition
The practice of segregating a newcomer from regular organization members during a defined socialization period. Before you meet officers, you through boot camp in the army. They prepare you for the next step.
Term
Sequential Socialization
Definition
A fixed progression of steps that culminate in the new role, compared to an ambiguous or dynamic progression. As a doctor, you go to med school, then internship, residency, and then your own practice.
Term
Fixed Socialization
Definition
A timetable for the assumption of the role. In school, you are a Freshman, then Sophomore, then Junior, then Senior.
Term
Serial Socialization
Definition
The newcomer is socialized by an experienced member. Mentor.
Term
Investiture
Definition
The affirmation of a newcomer's incoming global and specific role identities and attributes. When becoming a cop, you are to dress as an officer and are no longer considered ordinary citizens.
Term
Halo - Perceptual Error
Definition
You give someone a high rating because you like the person. You made the judgement before they performed.
Term
Leniency - Perceptual Error
Definition
You give a person a high rating because you don't like being negative or to hurt their feelings.
Term
Central Tendency - Perceptual Error
Definition
You rate a person average to avoid extremes regardless of their performance.
Term
Recency Effects - Perceptual Error
Definition
You rate a person low because only the past few days were bad even though they did well beforehand.
Term
Contrast Effects - Perceptual Error
Definition
You rate a person low because you compared him to an outstanding individual.
Term
Implicit Cognition
Definition
Thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!