Shared Flashcard Set

Details Title Oral Histo Midterm Description Craniofacial Development Total Cards 82 Subject Histology Created 11/12/2011

Click here to study/print these flashcards. Create your own flash cards! Sign up here. Additional Histology Flashcards

 

---

 

Cards

Term ectoderm forms...	Definition surface epithelium, brain
Term mesoderm forms...	Definition muscle, bone, blood vessels
Term endoderm forms...	Definition glands, tonsils, mucosal lining
Term neural ectoderm gives rise to __ ___ cells that contribute to the formation of a number of diverse craniofacial tissues.	Definition neural crest
Term ___ results in formation of the neural tube (primitive brain)	Definition neurulaton
Term the first major morphogenetic event in the head region, ____, occurs during early 4th week.	Definition neurulation
Term ____ are comprised of partially segmented paraxial "head" mesoderm	Definition somatomeres
Term ____ somites are comprised of fully segmented paraxial mesoderm.	Definition occipital
Term The neural crest cells arise from the ectoderm at the ___ margins of the folding neural plate. Delamination (separation of cells) is followed by ____.	Definition dorsal migration
Term The mesoderm and neural crest cell co-mingle in the head region as a loose CT matrix called ____.	Definition mesenchyme
Term neural crest cells migrate ___ from the neural tube into the developing face. the pattern of migration is tightly regulated by ___.	Definition ventrally genes
Term The identity of neural crest cells is based on the brain region where they ___.	Definition arise
Term prosencephalon = ___	Definition forebrain
Term mesencephalon =	Definition midbrain
Term rhombencephalon =	Definition hindbrain
Term the hindbrain is further separated into 8 ___	Definition rhombomeres
Term there is a relationship between brain regions, neural crest cell populations and ___structures.	Definition facial
Term ____ are defects in the formation, proliferation and/or migration of neural crest cells.	Definition neurocristopathies
Term Treaher-Collins Syndrome is caused by autosomal ___ mutation in ___-gene.	Definition dominant TCOF1
Term ____ syndrome is caused by small deletion on chromosome 22 and affects multiple organs that derive from the neural crest.	Definition DiGeorge
Term Most of the tissue that form from the face either directly derive from or interact with cells that were once part of the ___. the brain and face are ____ ____.	Definition brain intrinsically connected
Term almost every syndrome with a facial component is also associated with ___ and/or ____ abnormalities.	Definition brain cognitive
Term Many psychiatric disorders are associated with numerous subtle ___ ___.	Definition craniofacial defects
Term ___ ___ are a series of paired swelling located in the ventral head region of the developing embryo.	Definition branchial arches
Term Arch ___ is vestigal and doesn't fully develop in humans.	Definition 5
Term the mesenchyme of branchial arches is composed of a mix of ___ ___ and neural crest derived ectoderm.	Definition paraxial mesoderm
Term A branchial arch has ___, ___ ___, and ___.	Definition cartilage cranial nerve artery
Term The derivatives of the 1st arch are ___, ___, __, ___, and muscles of ___.	Definition malleus incus maxilla mandible mastication
Term The derivatives of the 2nd arch are ___, ___ process, part of ___ (neck bone) and muscles of ___ ___.	Definition stapes styloid hyoid facial expression
Term Derivatives of the 3rd arch are part of ___ and ___ muscle	Definition hyoid stylopharyngeous
Term Derivatives of the 4th arch are ___ cartilages, and____ constrictor muscles	Definition laryngeal pharyngeal
Term Derivatives of the 6th arch are ___ cartilages and intrinsic ___ muscles.	Definition laryngeal laryngeal
Term The cartilagenous bar that forms in each branchial arch is of __ ___ origin.	Definition neural crest
Term the musculature of branchial arches is of ___ origin.	Definition mesodermal
Term each branchial arch is innervated by a separate ___ ___.	Definition cranial nerve
Term 1st arch = ___ nerve 2nd arch = ____ nerve 3rd arch = ____ nerve 4th arch = ____ nerve	Definition trigemnal V facial VII glossopharyngeal IX vagus X
Term the external auditory meatus is derived from the ___ branchial cleft (____ recess)	Definition 1st tubotympanic
Term cleft is ___ pouch is ___ they contribute to structures	Definition outside inside
Term branchial arch is established early by ____ expression patterns.	Definition gene
Term ___ genes play a crucial role in patterning the 1st branchial arch.	Definition Dlx
Term If you knock out Dlx5 you get 2 __	Definition maxillas
Term the ___ gene plays a crucial role in patterning the 2nd branchial arch.	Definition Hoxa2
Term in mutant Hoxa2 genes, ___ are missing and the incus, malleus, and tympanic ring (from 1st arch) are all ___.	Definition stapes duplicated
Term ___ is thickened sections of ectoderms that are usually associated with senses.	Definition placode
Term the major events in facial morphogenesis take place between week __ and week __,	Definition 4 6
Term growth of the facial processes results from proliferation of the underlying ___ (mesoderm and NC cells)	Definition mesenchyme
Term ____ is driven by an interplay of molecular signals between the underlying mesenchyme and surface epithelium (___)	Definition proliferation ectoderm
Term the primary palate is formed by the union of the __ and ___ nasal processes.	Definition maxillary median
Term the formation of the ___ (___) palate takes place during weeks 6 and 7	Definition secondary hard
Term the ___ shelves, like the rest o the maxilla, are derived from the ___ process (1st arch)	Definition palatal maxillary
Term fusion of the hard palate involves the formation of an epithelial seam between the shelves, followed by the transformation of epithelial cells into ____.	Definition mesenchyme
Term EMT causes the seam to ____ during the fusion of the hard palate.	Definition disappear
Term orofacial ___ occurs when the facial processes that form the primary and secondary palate fail to grow correctly and fuse.	Definition cleft
Term what is the most common craniofacial birth defect?	Definition cleft palate
Term cleft palate has a worldwide prevalence of ~1/700 but incidence ___ by population.	Definition varies
Term true or false cleft palate can affect the lip, lip+hard palate, or just hard palate?	Definition true
Term cleft palate can be unilateral or bilateral. unilateral clefts are mostly on the ___ side.	Definition left
Term cleft palate can be part of a ____ or isolated.	Definition syndrome
Term cleft palate has a genetic and environmental ___.	Definition etiology
Term the primitive oral cavity is called the ___.	Definition stomatodeum
Term the stomatodeum is initially separated from the foregut by the bilaminar _____ membrane.	Definition buccopharyngeal
Term the nasal ___ invaginates and expands to become the nasal sac/cavity.	Definition pit
Term initially, the nasal cavity is completely separate from the oral cavity by the ___ ___.	Definition primary palate
Term rupturing of the ___ membrane connects the nasal and oral cavities.	Definition oronasal
Term the oral and nasal cavities remain ___ separated by the primary and secondary palates.	Definition partially
Term ___ swellings and ____ impar form anterior 2/3 of tongue (1st arch derived)	Definition lingual tuberculum
Term ____ eminence forms posterior 1/3 of tongue (3rd and 4th arch derived)	Definition hypobranchial
Term the epigottis is ___ arch derived.	Definition 4th
Term the ___ somites (mesoderm) migrate to form the tongue musculature.	Definition occipital
Term the __ ___ of the tongue is where two tissue comes together	Definition terminal sulcus
Term the thyroid gland starts out in the ___.	Definition tongue
Term what are the major anatomic subdivisions of the skull?	Definition viscerocranium (face) basicranium (cranial base) neurocranium (vault)
Term ossification centers first appear in the head region as localized condensations of mesenchyme. these condensations begin to ossify around week __ at the __-____ transition.	Definition 8 embryo-fetus
Term the initial location of condensations is patterned ___.	Definition genetically
Term osteogenesis is initiated by ___ signals from adjacent tissues.	Definition inductive
Term endochondral ossification is ___ to ___ to ___ intramembraneous ossification is ___ to ___.	Definition mesenchyme - cartilage - bone mesenchyme - bone
Term the bony elements of the cranial base is formed via ____ ossification.	Definition endochondral
Term the cranial vault is comprised of abutting plate-like bones that cover and protect the brain. the bones form via ____ ossification.	Definition intramembranous
Term the viscerocranium includes all of the bones of the face (maxilla, mandbile, zygomatic arches, nasal bones ect). these bones are derived from neural crests and form through ___ ossification (except inner ear!)	Definition intramembranous
Term the precursor to the mandible is the primitive cartilage of the 1st branchial arch, ___ cartilage. it serves as a temporary support structure.	Definition meckel's
Term meckel's cartilage ___ soon after forming and is replaced by invading bone. it does not contribute to the boney mandible.	Definition degenerates
Term ossification of the mandible begins around week ___ and continues postnatally.	Definition 6

Tweet