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Optho
Final Exam
59
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
05/02/2012

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What breed most commonly has pigmentary uveitis?
Definition
(immune mediated uveitis)
Golden Retrievers
Term
What breed most commonly has Uveodermatological syndrome?
Definition
Akitas
(immune mediated disease towards the melanin)
Term
What breed most commonly has Uveal cysts?
Definition
Golden retrievers
Great danes
(remember you should be able to see through the cyst, otherwise it might be neoplasia)
Term
What breed most commonly has Persistent pupillary membranes ?
Definition
Basenjis
this is an inherited disease and they should not be bred
Term
Primary Angle closure glaucoma is more common in males or females?
Definition
FEMALES (2x more likely)
Term
What breed most commonly has Primary open angle glaucoma?
Definition
Beagles, norweigen elk hounds
Term
What breed most commonly has primary lens luxation?
Definition
(zonular defects- Aphakic cresents - that can lead to glaucoma)
Terriers, mini schnauzers, poodles
Term
What breed most commonly has Progressive retinal atrophy?
Definition
Poodles and Cocker spaniels and abysinnian cats
-- this is inherited, so dont breed them!
Term
What type of dog most commonly has SARDS (sudden acquired retinal dystrophy syndrome)?
Definition
Middle aged
female
mildly obese
Pu/PD
(these dogs will have sluggish PLRs and a flat ERG)
Term
What is "collie eye"?
Definition
in 85% of collies
bilateral, asymmetric anomaly/hypoplasia of the choroid (+/- retina and optic nerve)
Term
What breed most commonly has Retinal dysplasia?
Definition
Labrador retriever
Term
What breed most commonly has Optic nerve head hypoplasia?
Definition
toy and mini Poodles
Term
What breed most commonly has masticatory myositis?
Definition
german shepards, weimeraners (maybe)
Term
What breed most commonly has Extraocular Polymyositis?
Definition
Young golden retrievers
Term
What breed most commonly has conformational entropion?
Definition
Shar pei
chow chow
lab
rottweiler
golden retriever
bulldog
st. bernard
Term
What is the most common tumor of the eye in dogs?
Definition
Meibomian gland adenoma
(benign)
Term
What breed most commonly has corneal dermoids?
Definition
St. bernards
daushunds
dalmations
(= congenital overgrowth of normal tissue, tx = superficial keratectomy)
Term
What breed most commonly has Chronic superficial keratitis/Pannus?
Definition
German shepard (purebreds and mixes)
greyhounds
(stroma infiltrated by plasma cells and lymphocytes, tx = corticosteroids and cyclosporine)
Term
What breed most commonly has imperforate punctate?
Definition
Cocker spaniels
Golden retrievers
mini poodles
Term
What breed most commonly has Equine recurring uveitis?
Definition
Apaloosa
draft breeds
- this is often in association with lepto
Term
What is the most common type of tumor in the equine eye?
Definition
Squamous cell carcinoma
Term
What ocular lesions would be seen with vitamin E deficiency in horses?
Definition
Honeycomb fundus
(often associated with motor neuron disease)
Term
What lesions are seen with Equine Ischemic Optic neuropathy?
Definition
axoplasmic accumulations surrounding optic nerve
(this is a pathologic sign)
Term
What other disease is most often found concurrent with hypertensive retinopathy?
Definition
Renal disease = old cats
Term
What is the most common tumor of the eye in cats?
Definition
SCC
Term
What is the treatment for Uveodermatologic syndrome?
Definition
TX: topical/Systemic Corticosteroids, NSAIDS, Azathioprine
This is an autoimmune disease directed at the melanin, more commonly in the Akita, OES, Husky, Golden and Irish setter
Term
What is the treatment for Hyphema ?
Definition
Tx: topical corticosteroids, topical atropine, tissue plasminogen
this is when there is blood in the anterior chamber
Term
What is the treatment for Posterior lens luxation?
Definition
Tx: miotics to constrict pupil and prevent it from luxating anteriorly
Term
What is the treatment for Anterior lens luxation?
Definition
Surgery
Term
What is the treatment for Glaucoma?
Definition
TX:
hyperosmotic agents (IV mannitol, PO glycerin
Beta blocker TIMOLOL (reduces aqueous production)
Topical CA inhibitors (Dorzolamide/Brinzolamide)
Prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost - moves aqueous fluid through unconventional outflow via sclera)
Term
What is the primary use of Latanoprost in optic medicine?
Definition
It is a prostaglandin analog that can be used with glaucoma to rapidly decrease IOP by increasing the uveal scleral outflow pathway
Term
What is Timolol and what is its primary use in optic medicine?
Definition
It is a beta blocker that reduces the production of aqueous humor. This can be used to reduce the IOP in cases of Glaucoma
Term
What are Dorzolamide/brinzolamide?
What is their primary use in optic medicine?
Definition
These are carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors, which will reduce the production of aqueous humor. This can be used to reduce the IOP in Glaucoma.
Term
What is demecarium bromide and how is it primarily used in optic medicine?
Definition
It is a parasympathomimetic that can be used in combination with timolol to prophylactically treat glaucoma
Term
What is the treatment for Lens-induced uveitis?
Definition
antiinflammatories and topical steroids
Term
What is the prophylactic therapy for glaucoma?
Definition
demecarium bromide and topical timolol.
Term
What is the treatment for SARDS?
Definition
Intravitreal immunogloulin injection
- this has a low success rate, the animal will have no ERG and sudden blindness
Term
What is the treatment for retrobulbar abscesses?
Definition
Antibiotics and corticosteroids
Term
What is the treatment for Masticatory myositis?
Definition
immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids, azathioprine
Term
What is the treatment for Extraocular polymyositis?
Definition
Corticosteroids and azothioprine
Term
What is the treatment for proptosis of the globe?
Definition
Systemic antibiotics, corticosteroids, topical ab, warm compress, e-collar, temporary tarrsoraphy
Term
What is the treatment for Keratinoconjunctivitis Sicca?
Definition
-Lacrostimulants (cyclosporine or tacrolimus, policarpine)
- Acetylcystine
- NO STEROIDS or ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES
Term
What is Pilocarpine and what is its primary use in optic medicine?
Definition
It is a cholinergic agent that is indicated for neurogenic cases of KCS, but is rarely used anymore
Term
What is tacrolimus and what is its primary use in optic medicine?
Definition
It is a immunomodulator that inhibits t cell activation, has anti-inflammatory properties, and STIMULATES LACRIMATION
- used to treat KCS, pannus
Term
What is cyclosporine A and what is its primary use in optic medicine?
Definition
It is an immunomodulator that inhibits t cell activation, has anti-inflammatory properties and STIMULATES LACRIMATION.
- USed to treat KCS, pannus
Term
What is the treatment for Pannus?
Definition
Topical corticosteroids, topical cyclosporine, subconjunctival corticosteroids, and beta radiation
----this condition cannot truely be cured
Term
What is the treatment for superficial corneal ulcer?
Definition
Topical antibiotics (NeoPolyGram), topical atropine
Term
What is the treatment for uncomplicated corneal ulcer?
Definition
topical broad spectrum antibiotics
Term
What is the treatment for Spontaneous chronic canine epithelial defect?
Definition
GRID KERATOTOMY
topical atropine post op
Term
What is the treatment for Complicated/non healing ulcers?
Definition
tropical atropine
- this dilates the pupil and relieves reflux uveitis
Term
What is the treatment for deep stromal corneal ulcers (ie. desmentoceles)?
Definition
corneal scraping, antibiotics
Term
What is the treatment for feline glaucoma?
Definition
Topical carbonic annhydrase inhibitors (dorzolamide)
no latanoprost !!
Term
What is the treatment for feline hypertensive retinopathy?
Definition
Calcium channel blockers like amlodopine to reduce blood pressure
systemic and topical steroids if uveitis associated
Term
What is the treatment for equine Superficial corneal ulcers?
Definition
Topical broad spectrum antibiotics, atropine, systemic anti-inflammatory,
---no steroids
Term
What is the treatment for equine complicated ulcers?
Definition
subpalpebral lavages
topical abx (ofloxacin, cefazolin)
NSAIDS (flunixin)
Atropine
Term
What is acetylcystine and what is its primary use in optic medicine?
Definition
mucinolytic, anticollagenase agent
Used with KCS and other ocular disorders to facilitate the removal of copious exudates
Term
What are some treatments for tear film deficiencies?
Definition
If lipid: lipid substitues, warm compresses, abx
If mucin: cyclosporine, artifical tears
also: doxycycline, omega 3s
Term
What is the Jone's test?
Definition
Fluorescein dye is placed in the eye, nose held downwards for 5 minutes
- if dye runs out the nose, then the nasolacrimal duct is patent (+)
Term
How would you treat an everted third eyelid cartilage?
Definition
common in giant breed dogs - where the stem/neck/"t" of the cartilage is bent
TX: surgery - electrocautery on teh POSTERIOR surface to cause contracture
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