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Operations Management Mid Term
Mid Term
166
Management
Undergraduate 4
07/15/2015

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Cards

Term
What are the 3 Rs?
Definition
Reduce - value analysis
Reuse - remanufacturing
Recycle - recovering materials for future use
Term
Which organizational functions would tend to be affected most dramatically by a product or service redesign?
Definition
Marketing and operations
Term
Excitement characteristics are categories in what model?
Definition
Kano
Term
The acronym CAD refers to what?
Definition
Computer aided design
CAD can increase the productivity of product designers.
Term
What are factors of successful product and service design?
Definition
A.be aware of what the competitors are doing
B. be aware of what customers want
C. know what government regulations are
D. use computerized design techniques (this is NOT a factor)
E. know what new technologies are available
Term
The assessment of the environmental impact of a product or service throughout its useful life is known as what?
Definition
Life cycle assessment
Term
The process of dismantling and inspecting a competitor's new or revised product for the purpose of collecting design ideas is called what?
Definition
Reverse engineering
Term
The term "standardization" is closely associated with what?
Definition
Interchangeability
Term
The structural approach for integrating customer requirements into every aspect of product development is known as what?
Definition
Quality function deployment
Term
What are the basic questions in capacity planning? key Questions
Definition
What kind of capacity is needed?
How much is needed to match demand?
When is it needed?
Term
What are the basic questions in capacity planning? Related Questions
Definition
How much will it cost?
What are the potential benefits and risks?
Are there sustainability issues?
Should capacity be changed all at once, or through several smaller changes
Can the supply chain handle the necessary changes?
Term
. What are the reasons as to why capacity decisions are so important?
Definition
a. impact the ability of the organization to meet future demands
b. affect operating costs
c. are a major determinant of initial cost
d. often involve long-term commitment of resources
e. can affect competitiveness
f. affect the ease of management
g. have become more important and complex due to globalization
Need to be planned for in advance due to their consumption of financial and other resources
Term
42. Unbalanced systems are evidenced by what?
Definition
Bottleneck operations
Term
The impact that a significant change in capacity will have on a key vendor is what type of factor?
Definition
Supply chain factor
Term
The maximum possible output given a product mix, scheduling difficulties, quality factors, etc., is known as?
Definition
effective capacity
Term
Efficiency is defined as the ratio of what to what?
Definition
Actual output the effective quality
Term
Utilization is defined as the ratio of what to what?
Definition
Actual output to design capacity
Term
The ratio of actual output to effective capacity is what?
Definition
Actual output to effective capacity.
Term
Job shops versus continuous processes. Difference?
Definition
Job shops and batch processing are classified as intermittent systems, meaning that output frequently switches from one product or service to another. Repetitive and continuous systems are classified as continuous processing because there is little or no switching from one product to another
Term
The estimation of costs is generally most difficult when a certain process is chosen. What is it?
Definition
Job shops
Term
What processes are commonly considered in making products?
Definition
Repetitive
Term
52. The type of processing system used for highly standardized products is known as what?
Definition
nonrepetitive
Term
53. Computer-aided manufacturing refers to the use of computers where?
Definition
Process control -CAM automates process control
Term
In which type of operation are you likely to see, at most, only minor variations in the product or service being produced using the same process and the same equipment?
Definition
Repetitive production
Term
The process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements is called what?
Definition
Line balancing
Term
Which type of processing system tends to produce the most product variety?
Definition
Job-shop
Term
In which type of processing system would gasoline be produced from crude oil?
Definition
Continuous
Term
Giving a worker a larger portion of the total task is known as what?
Definition
Job enlargement
Term
Asking a group of employees at a particular level to take on more responsibility is a form of what type of loading?It can be known also as what?
Definition
Job enrichment, Motivation
Term
A behavioral approach to job design which increases responsibility for planning and coordinating tasks is known as what?
Definition
Enrichment
Term
Behavioral approaches to job design include what?
Definition
Job rotation
Term
The methods analysis chart, which describes the overall sequence of operations, transportation, storage, delays, and inspection is known as what?
Definition
Flow process chart
Term
One form of long-term team that is increasingly being used, especially in lean production settings, is what?
Definition
Self-directed
Term
Retail businesses often engage in an activity, which is the tendency to locate in close proximity to one another. What is it?
Definition
Clustering
Term
What are some of the location options that management can consider in location planning?
Definition
A. expand an existing facility
B. add a new location
C. relocate from one location to another
D. do nothing
E. All are possible options.
Term
Which is the last step in the procedure for making location decisions?
Definition
Evaluate alternatives and make a selection
Term
When a location evaluation includes both quantitative and qualitative inputs, what technique should be used?
Definition
Factor rating
Term
The center of gravity method is used to do what to travel time, distance, and costs?
Definition
Minimize
Term
Having facilities, personnel, and operations located around the world is called what?
Definition
Globalization
Term
The method for evaluating location alternatives that uses composite (weighted-average) scores is known as?
Definition
Factor rating analysis
Factor rating analysis evaluates by using their composite (weighted-average) scores
Term
The quality certification that deals primarily with conformance to customer requirements is known as what? The standard that deals with the organization's effect on the environment is called what?
Definition
The quality certification that deals primarily with conformance to customer requirements is ISO 9000; ISO 14000 is concerned primarily with the organization's effect on the environment.
Term
A tool that depicts process variation graphically is known as what?
Definition
Control charts depict process variation.
Term
What are the types of the “costs of quality”?
Definition
1. Appraisal Costs
2. Prevention Costs
3. Internal Failure Costs
4. External Failure Costs
All costs attributable to the production of quality that is not 100% perfect.
Term
The Deming Prize was established by what or whom?
Definition
Established in Japan
The Deming philosophy focuses on improvements in product and service quality by
reducing variation.
Term
Lost production time, scrap, and rework are examples of what type of cost?
Definition
Internal failure costs
Term
Warranty service, processing of complaints, and costs of litigation are examples of what types of cost?
Definition
External failure costs
Term
Costs of inspectors, testing, test equipment, and labs are examples of what types of cost?
Definition
Appraisal costs
Term
. Quality planning and administration, quality training, and quality control procedures are examples of what types of cost?
Definition
Prevention costs
Term
Deciding how much to invest in the prevention of defects can be analyzed using what technique?
Definition
Return on Quality
ROQ focuses on the economics of quality efforts.
Term
The quality control improvement tool which distinguishes between the "important few" and the "trivial many" is known as what?
Definition
Pareto analysis
Term
The quality control improvement tool that resembles a "fishbone" is called what?
Definition
Cause-and-effect diagrams
These are also known as Ishikawa diagrams.
Term
. TQM stands for what?
Definition
TQM stands for Total Quality Management
Term
The tool that is useful in documenting the current process is known as what?
Definition
The flow chart graphically depicts how a process works.
Term
The tool that is useful in the collection and organization of data is called what?
Definition
Check Sheet
Term
A quality improvement technique that involves the sharing of thoughts and ideas in a way that encourages unrestrained collective thinking is called what?
Definition
Brainstorming
Brainstorming involves the sharing of thoughts and ideas in a way that encourages unrestrained collective thinking.
Term
Focusing attention on the most important problem areas is referred to as what?
Definition
Pareto analysis
Term
The process of identifying other organizations that are best at some facet of your operations, and then modeling your organization after them is known as what?
Definition
Benchmarking
Term
Knowledge about challenges specific to the operations function can help marketing personnel to judging new product designs regarding what?
Definition
Finance, marketing, operations
Term
Managing the supply chain is important. This is due to firms increasing their levels of what?
Definition
outsourcing
Term
What would tend to increase the importance of supply chain management?
Definition
Need to improve operations, increasing outsourcing, transportation costs, competitive pressures, globalization, importance of ebusiness, complexity of supply chains, need to manage inventories
Term
What are the types of operations?
Definition
goods-storage/transportation-entertainment-communication
Term
Measurements taken at various points in the transformation process for control purposes are called what?
Definition
Feedback
Term
Product design and process selection are examples of what kind of decisions?
Definition
system design These major decisions affect decisions made at lower levels.
Term
What are the responsibilities of the operations manager
Definition
planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling The scope of operations management ranges across the organization.
Term
Dealing with the fact that certain aspects of any management situation are more important than others is called what?
Definition
Recognition of priorities
Term
The fact that a few improvements in a few key areas of operations will have more impact than many improvements in many other areas is consistent with what?
Definition
Pareto Phenomenon
Term
The process of comparing outputs to previously established standards to determine if corrective action is needed is called what?
Definition
Control
Term
. What relates directly to system design?
Definition
Product design and process selection
Term
Where a firm locates would typically not affect that firm's what?
Definition
Strategy
Term
What does an organization's mission statement serves as the basis for?
Definition
Organizational Goals
Term
Competitiveness includes what?
Definition
Identifying consumer wants and needs, price and quality, advertising and promotion
Term
Product design and choice of location are examples of what type of decisions?
Definition
strategic
Term
Scheduling personnel is an example of what within operations management?
Definition
Operational decision
Term
How can productivity be expressed?
Definition
Output divided by Input
Term
The ratio of good output to quantity of raw material input is called what?
Definition
Process yields
Term
. When choosing a forecasting technique, a critical trade-off that must be considered is what?
Definition
Cost and accuracy
Term
The more novel a new product or service design is, the more forecasters have to rely on what?
Definition
Subjective estimates
Term
What is a primary input into capacity, sales, and production planning?
Definition
Demand Forecasts
Term
Two general approaches to forecasting are?
Definition
Qualitative and quantitative
Term
What describes the Delphi technique most accurately?
Definition
Series of questionnaires
Term
Why/when would you use the Delphi method in forecasting?
Definition
Avoid premature consensus- bandwagon effect
Term
Gradual, long-term movement in time series data is called what?
Definition
Trend
Term
The primary difference between seasonality and cycles is what?
Definition
The duration of the repeating patterns
Term
What are the 3 Rs?
Definition
Reduce - value analysis
Reuse - remanufacturing
Recycle - recovering materials for future use
Term
Which organizational functions would tend to be affected most dramatically by a product or service redesign?
Definition
Marketing and operations
Term
Excitement characteristics are categories in what model?
Definition
Kano
Term
The acronym CAD refers to what?
Definition
Computer aided design
CAD can increase the productivity of product designers.
Term
What are factors of successful product and service design?
Definition
A.be aware of what the competitors are doing
B. be aware of what customers want
C. know what government regulations are
D. use computerized design techniques (this is NOT a factor)
E. know what new technologies are available
Term
The assessment of the environmental impact of a product or service throughout its useful life is known as what?
Definition
Life cycle assessment
Term
The process of dismantling and inspecting a competitor's new or revised product for the purpose of collecting design ideas is called what?
Definition
Reverse engineering
Term
The term "standardization" is closely associated with what?
Definition
Interchangeability
Term
The structural approach for integrating customer requirements into every aspect of product development is known as what?
Definition
Quality function deployment
Term
What are the basic questions in capacity planning? key Questions
Definition
What kind of capacity is needed?
How much is needed to match demand?
When is it needed?
Term
What are the basic questions in capacity planning? Related Questions
Definition
How much will it cost?
What are the potential benefits and risks?
Are there sustainability issues?
Should capacity be changed all at once, or through several smaller changes
Can the supply chain handle the necessary changes?
Term
. What are the reasons as to why capacity decisions are so important?
Definition
a. impact the ability of the organization to meet future demands
b. affect operating costs
c. are a major determinant of initial cost
d. often involve long-term commitment of resources
e. can affect competitiveness
f. affect the ease of management
g. have become more important and complex due to globalization
Need to be planned for in advance due to their consumption of financial and other resources
Term
42. Unbalanced systems are evidenced by what?
Definition
Bottleneck operations
Term
The impact that a significant change in capacity will have on a key vendor is what type of factor?
Definition
Supply chain factor
Term
The maximum possible output given a product mix, scheduling difficulties, quality factors, etc., is known as?
Definition
effective capacity
Term
Efficiency is defined as the ratio of what to what?
Definition
Actual output the effective quality
Term
Utilization is defined as the ratio of what to what?
Definition
Actual output to design capacity
Term
The ratio of actual output to effective capacity is what?
Definition
Actual output to effective capacity.
Term
Job shops versus continuous processes. Difference?
Definition
Job shops and batch processing are classified as intermittent systems, meaning that output frequently switches from one product or service to another. Repetitive and continuous systems are classified as continuous processing because there is little or no switching from one product to another
Term
The estimation of costs is generally most difficult when a certain process is chosen. What is it?
Definition
Job shops
Term
What processes are commonly considered in making products?
Definition
Repetitive
Term
52. The type of processing system used for highly standardized products is known as what?
Definition
nonrepetitive
Term
53. Computer-aided manufacturing refers to the use of computers where?
Definition
Process control -CAM automates process control
Term
In which type of operation are you likely to see, at most, only minor variations in the product or service being produced using the same process and the same equipment?
Definition
Repetitive production
Term
The process of assigning tasks to workstations in such a way that the workstations have approximately equal time requirements is called what?
Definition
Line balancing
Term
Which type of processing system tends to produce the most product variety?
Definition
Job-shop
Term
In which type of processing system would gasoline be produced from crude oil?
Definition
Continuous
Term
Giving a worker a larger portion of the total task is known as what?
Definition
Job enlargement
Term
Asking a group of employees at a particular level to take on more responsibility is a form of what type of loading?It can be known also as what?
Definition
Job enrichment, Motivation
Term
A behavioral approach to job design which increases responsibility for planning and coordinating tasks is known as what?
Definition
Enrichment
Term
Behavioral approaches to job design include what?
Definition
Job rotation
Term
The methods analysis chart, which describes the overall sequence of operations, transportation, storage, delays, and inspection is known as what?
Definition
Flow process chart
Term
One form of long-term team that is increasingly being used, especially in lean production settings, is what?
Definition
Self-directed
Term
Retail businesses often engage in an activity, which is the tendency to locate in close proximity to one another. What is it?
Definition
Clustering
Term
What are some of the location options that management can consider in location planning?
Definition
A. expand an existing facility
B. add a new location
C. relocate from one location to another
D. do nothing
E. All are possible options.
Term
Which is the last step in the procedure for making location decisions?
Definition
Evaluate alternatives and make a selection
Term
When a location evaluation includes both quantitative and qualitative inputs, what technique should be used?
Definition
Factor rating
Term
The center of gravity method is used to do what to travel time, distance, and costs?
Definition
Minimize
Term
Having facilities, personnel, and operations located around the world is called what?
Definition
Globalization
Term
The method for evaluating location alternatives that uses composite (weighted-average) scores is known as?
Definition
Factor rating analysis
Factor rating analysis evaluates by using their composite (weighted-average) scores
Term
The quality certification that deals primarily with conformance to customer requirements is known as what? The standard that deals with the organization's effect on the environment is called what?
Definition
The quality certification that deals primarily with conformance to customer requirements is ISO 9000; ISO 14000 is concerned primarily with the organization's effect on the environment.
Term
A tool that depicts process variation graphically is known as what?
Definition
Control charts depict process variation.
Term
What are the types of the “costs of quality”?
Definition
1. Appraisal Costs
2. Prevention Costs
3. Internal Failure Costs
4. External Failure Costs
All costs attributable to the production of quality that is not 100% perfect.
Term
The Deming Prize was established by what or whom?
Definition
Established in Japan
The Deming philosophy focuses on improvements in product and service quality by
reducing variation.
Term
Lost production time, scrap, and rework are examples of what type of cost?
Definition
Internal failure costs
Term
Warranty service, processing of complaints, and costs of litigation are examples of what types of cost?
Definition
External failure costs
Term
Costs of inspectors, testing, test equipment, and labs are examples of what types of cost?
Definition
Appraisal costs
Term
. Quality planning and administration, quality training, and quality control procedures are examples of what types of cost?
Definition
Prevention costs
Term
Deciding how much to invest in the prevention of defects can be analyzed using what technique?
Definition
Return on Quality
ROQ focuses on the economics of quality efforts.
Term
The quality control improvement tool which distinguishes between the "important few" and the "trivial many" is known as what?
Definition
Pareto analysis
Term
The quality control improvement tool that resembles a "fishbone" is called what?
Definition
Cause-and-effect diagrams
These are also known as Ishikawa diagrams.
Term
. TQM stands for what?
Definition
TQM stands for Total Quality Management
Term
The tool that is useful in documenting the current process is known as what?
Definition
The flow chart graphically depicts how a process works.
Term
The tool that is useful in the collection and organization of data is called what?
Definition
Check Sheet
Term
A quality improvement technique that involves the sharing of thoughts and ideas in a way that encourages unrestrained collective thinking is called what?
Definition
Brainstorming
Brainstorming involves the sharing of thoughts and ideas in a way that encourages unrestrained collective thinking.
Term
Focusing attention on the most important problem areas is referred to as what?
Definition
Pareto analysis
Term
The process of identifying other organizations that are best at some facet of your operations, and then modeling your organization after them is known as what?
Definition
Benchmarking
Term
Knowledge about challenges specific to the operations function can help marketing personnel to judging new product designs regarding what?
Definition
Finance, marketing, operations
Term
Managing the supply chain is important. This is due to firms increasing their levels of what?
Definition
outsourcing
Term
What would tend to increase the importance of supply chain management?
Definition
Need to improve operations, increasing outsourcing, transportation costs, competitive pressures, globalization, importance of ebusiness, complexity of supply chains, need to manage inventories
Term
What are the types of operations?
Definition
goods-storage/transportation-entertainment-communication
Term
Measurements taken at various points in the transformation process for control purposes are called what?
Definition
Feedback
Term
Product design and process selection are examples of what kind of decisions?
Definition
system design These major decisions affect decisions made at lower levels.
Term
What are the responsibilities of the operations manager
Definition
planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling The scope of operations management ranges across the organization.
Term
Dealing with the fact that certain aspects of any management situation are more important than others is called what?
Definition
Recognition of priorities
Term
The fact that a few improvements in a few key areas of operations will have more impact than many improvements in many other areas is consistent with what?
Definition
Pareto Phenomenon
Term
The process of comparing outputs to previously established standards to determine if corrective action is needed is called what?
Definition
Control
Term
. What relates directly to system design?
Definition
Product design and process selection
Term
Where a firm locates would typically not affect that firm's what?
Definition
Strategy
Term
What does an organization's mission statement serves as the basis for?
Definition
Organizational Goals
Term
Competitiveness includes what?
Definition
Identifying consumer wants and needs, price and quality, advertising and promotion
Term
Product design and choice of location are examples of what type of decisions?
Definition
strategic
Term
Scheduling personnel is an example of what within operations management?
Definition
Operational decision
Term
How can productivity be expressed?
Definition
Output divided by Input
Term
The ratio of good output to quantity of raw material input is called what?
Definition
Process yields
Term
. When choosing a forecasting technique, a critical trade-off that must be considered is what?
Definition
Cost and accuracy
Term
The more novel a new product or service design is, the more forecasters have to rely on what?
Definition
Subjective estimates
Term
What is a primary input into capacity, sales, and production planning?
Definition
Demand Forecasts
Term
Two general approaches to forecasting are?
Definition
Qualitative and quantitative
Term
What describes the Delphi technique most accurately?
Definition
Series of questionnaires
Term
Why/when would you use the Delphi method in forecasting?
Definition
Avoid premature consensus- bandwagon effect
Term
Gradual, long-term movement in time series data is called what?
Definition
Trend
Term
The primary difference between seasonality and cycles is what?
Definition
The duration of the repeating patterns
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