Shared Flashcard Set

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Ocular Disease: Iris Abnormalities
Iris and Lens
29
Pathology
Graduate
02/04/2013

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Congenital Iris Abnormalities
Definition

Coloboma

Congenital Extropion Uveae

Heterchromia Irides

Persistent Pupillary Membrane

Haemangioma

 

Term
Anisocoria
Definition
unequal pupil sizes. cause: defect in efferent nervous pathway controlling pupil, physical lesions, drugs: pilocarpine, cocaine, tropicamide, scopolamine.
Term
Which pupil is abnormal in Anisocoria?
Definition
smaller pupil = abnormal, won't dilate in dim light: thus sefect in sympathetic fibers (Horners)
Term
Which pupil is abnormal in Anisocoria?
Definition

larger pupil =abnormal,

it will not contract in response to light;

defect= parasympathetic defect (oculomotor nerve palsy)

Term
anisocoria with decreased menatl status, confustion , severe headache is a sign of?
Definition

sign of blood, tumor or other pathology inside the brain pressing  on  nerves.

Emergency neurosurgical!~

Term
What is an Iris Coloboma? what is clinical significance?
Definition

tissue cleft or defect lined by pupillary ruff;

no impact on VA/accomodation

Concern: may lead to lens subluxation

Tx: none, use CLs later in life

Etiology: caused by incomplete fusion of the fetal fissure during gestation, inferior nasal, bilateral, full thickness of the iris.

Term

What is an Iridocorneal Dysgenesis?

 what is clinical significance?

Definition

3 types:

  •  Axenfeld-rieger syndrome
  • Peter's anomaly
  • Aniridia
Term
corectopia
Definition
displacement of pupil from normal central location
Term
pseudopolycoria
Definition
more than one opening in the iris
Term
what does axenfeld-rieger syndrome look like?
Definition
  • bilateral posterior embryotoxon w/iris strands attached to it.
  • peripheral anterior synechiae &hypoplasia of the anterior stroma of the iris
  • Iris atropy & misshapen pupil (*discoria)
  • dental, craniofacial & skeletal abnormalities
  • check for glaucoma
Term
Aniridia
Definition

absence of iris tissue (stubs)

Features: bilateral condition (rare), abnormal neuroectodermal gene mutation (PAX6), corneal lenticular & fundus changes,

photophobia, nystagmus, decrease vision, strabismus

Term
Axenfeld's anomaly
Definition

peripheral ant segment defects: 1) posterior embryotoxon 

2)peripheral anterior synechiae

 

Term
Rieger's anomaly
Definition
posterior embryotoxon, peripheral anterior synechia + additional Iris & pupil abnormalities (corectopi: pupil displaced from central)
Term
reiger's syndrome
Definition
posterior embryotoxon & peripheral anterior synechiae + systemic developmental defects ( dental, craniofacial & skeletal)
Term
isolated Aniridia
Definition

autosomal dominant, 85% of cases.

called AN-1

Term
ANIRIDIA: miller Syndrome
Definition

called AN-2

autosomal dominant (13%)

associated with Wilm's tumor, genitourinary anomalies and Medial Rectus

Term
Aniridia: Gillespie syndrome
Definition
AN-3 2%, mental handicap & cerebellar ataxia
Term
summary of aniridia
Definition

1) Anterior segment:  opacity, microcornea, dermoids (overgrowths), sclerocornea.

2) Lenticular: subluxation, opacity, absence, Persistent Pupillary Membrane

3) fundus: foveal hypoplasia, optic nerve hypoplasia, choroidal colobomas

4) others: Nystagmus, cognitive disabilities, secondary glaucoma

Term
what is the etiology for fuch's heterochromic iridocyclitis?
Definition
  • chronic nongranulomatous anterior uveitis in the lighter colored eye.

unilateral, young adults 20-60yrs;

bilateral 7.8 -10% only,

 

Term
Congenital Ectropion Uvea
Definition

Pigmented posterior iris epithelium extends over the anterior iris,

 rare, nonprogressive, 

 1 or both eyes,

follow for glaucoma.

Term
Acquired Ectropion Uvea
Definition

secondary to retinal ischemia or inflammation most commonly!

(Iris rubeosis: neovascularization on iris; ruby red blood)

Term
what causes acquired heterochromia irides and what does it have to do with?
Definition

cause: Trauma, surgery, inflammation, foreign body,

 Fuch's heterochromic iridocyclitis,

horner's syndrome.

Term
Heterochromia Iridium
Definition

One iris has more than 1 color;

UNILATERAL

Term
Heterochromia Irides
Definition

BILATERAL

each iris is a different color.

Term
what would be the history of someone with Fuch's heterochromic iridocyclitis?
Definition

1) Floaters, from vitreous inflammation.

2)decreased vision[ secondary cataract]

3) low-grade inflammation for years

4) moderate inflammation with short topical corticosteroid therapy.

Term
 hypochromia
Definition
  • Congenital
  • horner's syndrome
Term
hyperchromia
Definition

Naevus of Ota (melanocytes cluster in upper third of skin, looks like black eye)

Ocular siderosis (iron deposits in cornea),

diffuse nevus (common benign pigmented growth)or melanoma,

sturge-weber syndrome (port wine stains on face, cognitive disablities), latanoprost (reduces IOP)

Term
Congenital heterochromia Irides
Definition

 associated with cranio-dystosis (crouzon's dx)

  • Congenital Horner's syndrome
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