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Obj 3 - Properties of Matter
Texas TAKS
61
Science
8th Grade
01/05/2010

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Term
0
Definition
freezing point/melting point of water
Term
100
Definition
boiling point/condensation point of water
Term
Alkali metals
Definition
are metals with only one valence electron (group 1)
Term
Alkaline metals
Definition
are metals with two valence electrons (group 2)
Term
Atom
Definition
the smallest particle of an element. In their stable state atoms are neutral, in that6 they have the same number of positive protons as they do negative electrons
Term
Atomic number
Definition
the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom
Term
Chemical Change
Definition
a change in the bonds between the atoms of compounds
Term
Chemical energy
Definition
energy that is stored in chemical bonds
Term
Chemical equation
Definition
represents a chemical reaction
Term
Chemical formula
Definition
the types of elements and numbers of atoms of each element in a substance (H2CO3)
Term
Chemical properties
Definition
characteristics that describe how a substance behaves in chemical reactions, heat of combustion, precipitate, reactivity with water, PH, and electromotive force
Term
Chemical reaction
Definition
one or more substances change to produce one or more new substances with different chemical properties
Term
Chemical symbol
Definition
an abbreviation of the name of an element
Term
Coefficients
Definition
The number before the substance or compound (5NaCl)
Term
Compound
Definition
formed when the atoms of two or more elements combine to form a new substance (NaCl)
Term
Conductor
Definition
the movement of electricity through matter
Term
Control
Definition
a variable that a scientist keeps the same throughout an investigation
Term
Controlled Experiment
Definition
an investigation that test only one factor at a time
Term
Data
Definition
observations or measurements that are made during a controlled experiment
Term
Dependent Variable
Definition
the change that occurs in response to a change in the independent variable
Term
Electron
Definition
is a subatomic particle with an electrical change of -1 found outside of the nucleus
Term
Element
Definition
a particle that is made up of two or more atoms (O2)
Term
Endothermic
Definition
A chemical reaction that takes in energy during reaction
Term
Exothermic
Definition
a chemical reaction that released energy during reaction
Term
Family
Definition
a set of elements in one row in the periodic table. These elements with similar energy levels
Term
Gas
Definition
a state of matter with no defiant shaper or volume
Term
Group
Definition
a set of elements in one column in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar properties
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
a statement that can be tested by conducting a controlled experiment
Term
Independent Variable
Definition
the factor that a scientist changes during an investigation
Term
Ion
Definition
an atom that has gained or lost electrons which gives it a charge
Term
Isotope
Definition
an element contains the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Term
Law of Conservation of Mass
Definition
states that no mass can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction
Term
Liquid
Definition
a state of matter with no defiant shape but a defiant volume
Term
Malleable
Definition
the ability to bend, able to be shaped or formed
Term
Mass
Definition
can be measured with a triple beam balance
Term
Mass number
Definition
the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom
Term
Matter
Definition
anything that has mass and occupies space. All matter is made up of elements, compounds or a mixture of elements and compounds
Term
Metal
Definition
a category of elements characterized by a shiny surface, the ability to be easily shaped, and high conductivity of electricity and heat.
Term
Metalloid
Definition
a category of elements that share some properties with metals and some with non metals, along the zigzag line on the periodic table of elements
Term
Mixture
Definition
formed when the atoms of two or more elements combine but do not form a new substance (sugar water)
Term
Molecule
Definition
made of two or more of the same element
Term
Neutron
Definition
is a subatomic particle located in the center of the atom, with no charge
Term
Noble gases
Definition
a category of elements that have full valence electrons
Term
Non metals
Definition
a category of elements characterized by a brittle nature, little to no luster, and poor conductivity of electricity and heat.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
the center of an atom that contains protons with a positive charge and neutral neutrons
Term
Observations
Definition
when you gather information using any of your five senses
Term
Periodic table
Definition
an arrangement of elements in a table according tot their atomic numbers and physical properties
Term
Physical change
Definition
a change in the states of matter
Term
Physical properties
Definition
characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of matter, color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, infra-red spectrum, attraction (paramagnetic) or repulsion (diamagnetic) to magnets, opacity, viscosity and density.
Term
Precipitate
Definition
a solid material that can form during a chemical reaction
Term
Products
Definition
the substance or compound at the end of a chemical equation or reaction
Term
Protons
Definition
is a subatomic particle with an electrical charge of +1
Term
Reactants
Definition
the substance or compound that gets consumed during a chemical equation or reaction
Term
Scientific Processes
Definition
includes various methods and procedures that scientist use to answer questions and solve problems
Term
Solid
Definition
a state of matter with a defiant shape and volume
Term
Specific heat
Definition
a physical property of a substance, the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of the substance to change its temperature by 1 oC
Term
Subscripts
Definition
the number after the substance or compound (H2O)
Term
Transition metals
Definition
elements that have valance electrons at two different energy levels (groups 3-12)
Term
Valence electrons
Definition
the outermost electrons in an atom
Term
Variable
Definition
a factor that changes during an investigation
Term
Volume
Definition
can be measured by l x w x h or a graduated cylinder
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