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OB vocab quiz #2 ch 12,13,14,15,16,27
goldfarb barnes
119
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
02/10/2012

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

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Term
acidosis
Definition
Condition resulting from accumulation of acid (hydrogen ions) or depletion of base (bicarbonate); acid-base balance measured by pH.
Term
amnioinfusion
Definition
Infusion of a sterile isotonic solution into the uterine cavity during labor to reduce umbilical cord compression; may also be done to dilute meconium in amniotic fluid and reduce the risk that the infant will aspirate thick meconium at birth.
Term
asphyxia
Definition
Insufficient oxygen and excess carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues.
Term
baroreceptors
Definition
Cells that are sensitive to blood pressure changes.
Term
chemoreceptors
Definition
Cells that are sensitive to chemical changes in the blood, specifically changes in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, and changes in acid-base balance.
Term
hypercapnia
Definition
Excess carbon dioxide in the blood, evidenced by an elevated PCO2.
Term
hypertonic contractions
Definition
Uterine contractions that are too long or too frequent, have too short a resting interval, or have an inadequate relaxation period to allow optimal uteroplacental exchange.
Term
hypoxemia
Definition
Reduced oxygenation of the blood, evidenced by a low PO2.
Term
hypoxia
Definition
Reduced availability of oxygen to the body tissues.
Term
intermittent monitoring
Definition
Variation of electronic fetal monitoring in which an initial strip is obtained on admission. If patterns are reassuring the woman is remonitored for 15 minutes at regular intervals (such as every 30 minutes).
Term
Montevideo unit
Definition
Method to quantify intensity of labor contractions with uterine activity monitoring. The baseline intrauterine pressure for each contraction in a 10-minute period is subtracted from the peak pressure. The resulting net pressures (peak minus baseline) are added to calculate Montevideo units, or MVUs.
Term
nadir
Definition
Lowest point, such as the lowest pulse rate in a series.
Term
nuchal cord
Definition
Umbilical cord around the fetal neck.
Term
oligohydramnios
Definition
Abnormally small amount of amniotic fluid, less than about 500 mL at term.
Term
telemetry
Definition
Wireless transmission of electronic fetal monitoring data to the bedside or central monitor unit.
Term
tocolytic
Definition
Drug that inhibits uterine contractions.
Term
transducer
Definition
Device that translates one physical quantity to another, such as fetal heart motion into an electrical signal for rate calculation, generation of sound, or a written record.
Term
uterine resting tone
Definition
Degree of uterine muscle tension when the woman is not in labor or during the interval between labor contractions
Term
acme
Definition
Peak, or period of greatest strength, of a uterine contraction.
Term
attitude
Definition
Relationship of fetal body parts to one another.
Term
bloody show
Definition
Mixture of cervical mucus and blood from ruptured capillaries in the cervix; often precedes labor and increases with cervical dilation.
Term
Braxton Hicks contractions
Definition
Irregular, mild uterine contractions that occur throughout pregnancy and become stronger in the last trimester.
Term
decrement
Definition
Period of decreasing strength of a uterine contraction
Term
duration
Definition
Period from the beginning of a uterine contraction to the end of the same contraction.
Term
engagement
Definition
Descent of the widest diameter of the fetal presenting part to at least a zero station (the level of the ischial spines in the maternal pelvis).
Term
fontanel
Definition
Space at the intersection of sutures connecting fetal or infant skull bones.
Term
frequency
Definition
Period from the beginning of one uterine contraction to the beginning of the next.
Term
increment
Definition
Period of increasing strength of a uterine contraction.
Term
intensity
Definition
Strength of a uterine contraction.
Term
interval
Definition
Period between the end of one uterine contraction and the beginning of the next.
Term
lie
Definition
Relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother.
Term
lightening
Definition
Descent of the fetus toward the pelvic inlet before labor.
Term
lochia
Definition
Vaginal drainage after birth.
Term
molding
Definition
Shaping of the fetal head during movement through the birth canal.
Term
nullipara
Definition
A woman who has not completed a pregnancy to at least 20 weeks of gestation.
Term
para
Definition
A woman who has given birth after a pregnancy of at least 20 weeks of gestation; also designates the number of pregnancies that end after at least 20 weeks of gestation (multifetal gestation such as that of twins is considered as one birth when calculating parity).
Term
position
Definition
Relation of a fixed reference point on the fetus to the quadrants of the maternal pelvis.
Term
presentation
Definition
Fetal part that enters the pelvic inlet, or the presenting part
Term
ripening
Definition
Softening of the cervix as labor nears as the result of an increase in water content and the effects of relaxin on the connective tissue of the cervix.
Term
station
Definition
Measurement of fetal descent in relation to the ischial spines of the maternal pelvis (see also engagement).
Term
sutures
Definition
Narrow areas of flexible tissue that connect fetal skull bones, permitting slight movement during labor.
Term
VBAC
Definition
Acronym for vaginal birth after cesarean.
Term
abortion
Definition
A pregnancy that ends before 20 weeks of gestation, either spontaneously (miscarriage) or electively. Miscarriage is a lay term for spontaneous abortion that is often used by health professionals.
Term
amniotomy
Definition
Artificial rupture of the membranes (amniotic sac).
Term
caput succedaneum
Definition
Area of edema over the presenting part of the fetus or newborn that results from pressure against the cervix (usually called caput).
Term
crowning
Definition
Appearance of the fetal scalp or presenting part at the vaginal opening.
Term
EDD
Definition
Abbreviation for estimated date of delivery; also may be abbreviated EDB (estimated date of birth)
Term
episiotomy
Definition
Incision of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening.
Term
ferning
Definition
Microscopic appearance of amniotic fluid resembling fern leaves when the fluid is allowed to dry on a microscope slide; also called fern test.
Term
gravida
Definition
A pregnant woman; also refers to a woman's total number of pregnancies, including the one in progress, if applicable.
Term
multipara
Definition
A woman who has given birth after two or more pregnancies of at least 20 weeks of gestation; also informally used to describe a pregnant woman before the birth of her second child.
Term
nuchal cord
Definition
Umbilical cord around the fetal neck.
Term
nullipara
Definition
A woman who has not completed a pregnancy to at least 20 weeks of gestation.
Term
para
Definition
A woman who has given birth after a pregnancy of at least 20 weeks of gestation; also designates the number of a woman's pregnancies that have ended after at least 20 weeks of gestation. (A multifetal gestation, such as twins, is considered one birth when calculating parity.)
Term
pH test
Definition
Paper or commercial swab used to test pH; helps determine whether the amniotic sac has ruptured; Nitrazine test
Term
primipara
Definition
A woman who has given birth after a pregnancy of at least 20 weeks of gestation; also used informally to describe a pregnant woman before the birth of her first child.
Term
agonist
Definition
Substance that causes a physiologic effect.
Term
analgesic
Definition
Systemic agent that relieves pain without causing loss of consciousness.
Term
anesthesia
Definition
Loss of sensation, especially to pain, with or without loss of consciousness
Term
anesthesiologist
Definition
Physician who specializes in administration of anesthesia.
Term
antagonist
Definition
Substance that blocks the action of another substance or of body secretions.
Term
aspiration pneumonitis
Definition
Chemical injury to the lungs that may occur with regurgitation and aspiration of acidic gastric secretions.
Term
endorphin
Definition
Substance similar to opioids that occurs naturally in the central nervous system and modifies pain sensations; related to enkephalins.
Term
enkephalin
Definition
Substance similar to opioids that occurs naturally in the central nervous system and modifies pain sensations; related to endorphins.
Term
epidural space
Definition
Area outside the dura, between the dura mater and the vertebral canal.
Term
gate-control theory
Definition
A theory about pain based on the premise that a gating mechanism in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord can open or close a “gate” for transmission of pain impulses to the brain.
Term
general anesthesia
Definition
Systemic loss of sensation with loss of consciousness.
Term
motor block
Definition
Loss of voluntary movement caused by regional anesthesia.
Term
nurse anesthetist
Definition
A registered nurse who has advanced education and certification in administration of anesthetics; also, certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA).
Term
pain threshold (or pain perception)
Definition
The lowest level of stimulus one perceives as painful; relatively constant under different conditions.
Term
pain tolerance
Definition
Maximum pain one is willing to endure. Pain tolerance may increase or decrease under different conditions.
Term
regional anesthesia
Definition
Anesthesia that blocks pain impulses in a localized area without loss of consciousness.
Term
sensory block
Definition
Loss of sensation caused by regional anesthesia.
Term
subarachnoid space
Definition
Space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater containing cerebrospinal fluid.
Term
abruptio placentae
Definition
Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta.
Term
amniotomy
Definition
Artificial rupture of the amniotic sac (fetal membranes).
Term
augmentation of labor
Definition
Artificial stimulation of uterine contractions that have become ineffective.
Term
cephalopelvic disproportion
Definition
Fetal head size that is too large to fit through the maternal pelvis at birth (also called fetopelvic disproportion).
Term
cesarean birth
Definition
Surgical birth of the fetus through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus.
Term
chignon
Definition
Newborn scalp edema created by a vacuum extractor.
Term
chorioamnionitis
Definition
Inflammation of the amniotic sac (fetal membranes); usually caused by bacterial and viral infections (also called amnionitis).
Term
dystocia
Definition
Difficult or prolonged labor; often associated with abnormal uterine activity and cephalopelvic disproportion.
Term
episiotomy
Definition
Surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening.
Term
hydramnios
Definition
Excessive volume of amniotic fluid, more than about 2000 mL at term (also called polyhydramnios).
Term
iatrogenic
Definition
Term used to describe an adverse condition resulting from treatment.
Term
induction of labor
Definition
Artificial initiation of labor.
Term
Montevideo unit
Definition
A unit of measure expressing the intensity of uterine contractions in millimeters of mercury as measured with an intrauterine pressure catheter; the contraction intensity minus the resting tone multiplied by the number of contractions in 10 minutes.
Term
nuchal cord
Definition
Umbilical cord around the fetal neck.
Term
oligohydramnios
Definition
Abnormally small quantity of amniotic fluid, less than about 500 mL at term.
Term
placenta previa
Definition
Abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower uterus.
Term
premature rupture of the membranes
Definition
Spontaneous rupture of the membranes before the onset of labor (term, preterm, or postterm gestation).
Term
version
Definition
Turning the fetus from one presentation to another before birth, usually from breech to cephalic.
Term
abruptio placentae
Definition
Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta.
Term
amniocentesis
Definition
Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid that contains fetal cells and biochemical substances for laboratory analysis.
Term
amniotic fluid embolism
Definition
An embolism in which amniotic fluid with its particulate matter is drawn into the pregnant woman's circulation, lodging in her lungs.
Term
anaphylactoid syndrome
Definition
A disorder in which amniotic fluid with its particulate matter enters the pregnant woman's circulation, lodging in her lungs. Previously called amniotic fluid embolism.
Term
cephalopelvic disproportion
Definition
Condition in which the fetal head is too large to fit through the maternal pelvis at birth. Also called fetopelvic disproportion.
Term
cerclage
Definition
Encircling of the cervix with suture to prevent recurrent spontaneous abortion caused by early cervical dilation.
Term
chorioamnionitis
Definition
Inflammation of the amniotic sac (fetal membranes); usually caused by bacterial or viral infection. Also called amnionitis.
Term
dystocia
Definition
Difficult or prolonged labor; often associated with abnormal uterine activity and cephalopelvic disproportion.
Term
hydramnios
Definition
Excessive volume of amniotic fluid (more than 2000 mL at term). Also called polyhydramnios.
Term
hypertonic labor dysfunction
Definition
Ineffective labor characterized by erratic and poorly coordinated contractions. Uterine resting tone is higher than normal.
Term
hypotonic labor dysfunction
Definition
Ineffective labor characterized by weak, infrequent, and brief but coordinated uterine contractions. Uterine resting tone is normal.
Term
macrosomia
Definition
Unusually large fetal size; infant birth weight more than 4000 g (8.8 lb).
Term
multifetal pregnancy
Definition
A pregnancy in which the woman is carrying two or more fetuses. Also called multiple gestation.
Term
occult prolapse
Definition

See prolapsed cord.

 

Displacement of the umbilical cord in front of or beside the fetal presenting part. An occult prolapse is one that is suspected on the basis of fetal heart rate patterns; the umbilical cord cannot be palpated or seen.

Term
oligohydramnios
Definition
Abnormally small volume of amniotic fluid (less than 500 mL at term).
Term
placenta accreta
Definition
A placenta that is abnormally adherent to the uterine muscle. If the condition is more advanced, it is called placenta increta (the placenta extends into the uterine muscle) or placenta percreta (the placenta extends through the uterine muscle).
Term
placenta previa
Definition
Abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower uterus, at or very near the cervical os.
Term
precipitate birth
Definition
A birth that occurs without a trained attendant present.
Term
precipitate labor
Definition
An intense, unusually short labor (less than 3 hours).
Term
preterm labor
Definition
Onset of labor after 20 weeks and before the beginning of the 38th week of gestation.
Term
prolapsed cord
Definition
Displacement of the umbilical cord in front of or beside the fetal presenting part. An occult prolapse is one that is suspected on the basis of fetal heart rate patterns; the umbilical cord cannot be palpated or seen.
Term
shoulder dystocia
Definition
Delayed or difficult birth of the fetal shoulders after the head is born.
Term
tocolytic
Definition
A drug that inhibits uterine contractions.
Term
uterine inversion
Definition
Turning of the uterus inside out after birth of the fetus.
Term
uterine resting tone
Definition
Degree of uterine muscle tension when the woman is not in labor or during the interval between labor contractions.
Term
uterine rupture
Definition
A tear in the wall of the uterus.
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