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OB Unit 2 Definitions
ch 9,10,12
50
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
01/29/2013

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Term
Ballottement
Definition
Passive fetal movement elicited when the examiner inserts two gloved fingers into the vagina and pushes against the cervix. This action pushes the fetal body up, and, as it falls back, the examiner feels a rebound
Term
Braxton Hicks contractions
Definition
These are irregular, generally painless contractions of the uterus. Occur intermittently throughout the pregnancy.May be felt at fourth month of pregnancy. In later months these become uncomfortable and may be confused w true labor contractions.
Term
Chadwick's Sign
Definition
Bluish, purplish, or deep red discoloration of the mucous membranes of the cervix, vagina, and vulva(some sources consider this a presumptive sign)
Term
Chloasma (melasma gravidarum)
Definition
Known as the "mask of pregnancy". It's a darkening of the skin over forehead and around eyes that may develop
Term
Couvade
Definition
Traditionally referred to the observance of certain rituals and taboos by the male to signify the transition to fatherhood. More recently the term has been used to describe the unintentional development of physical symptoms such as fatigue, increased appetite, difficulty sleeping, depression, headache, or backache by the partner of a pregnant woman
Term
Diastasis recti
Definition
Seperation of the recti abdominis muscles along the median line. In women, it is seen w repeated childbirths or multiple gestations. In the newborn, it is usually caused by incomplete development
Term
Goodell's sign
Definition
Softening of the cervix that occurs during second month of pregnancy
Term
Hegar's sign
Definition
softening of the isthmus of the uterus, the area between the cervix and the body of uterus. Found between the 2nd and 3rd month of pregnancy.
Term
Linea nigra
Definition
the line of of darker pigmentation extending from the umbilicus to the pubis noted in some women during the later months of pregnancy
Term
McDonald's Sign
Definition
A probable sign of pregnancy. It's an ease in flexing the body of the uterus against the cervix
Term
morning sickness
Definition
nausea and vomiting in pregnancy ocurring during the first trimester of pregnancy. Can occur any time of the day, and can range from mild to considerable distress.
Term
mucous plug
Definition
endocervical glands secrete a thick, sticky mucus that accumulates and seals the endocervical canal. Prevents the ascent of organisms into the uterus. The increased cervical vascularity causing softening of the cervix (Goodell's) and bluish discoloration (Chadwick's)
Term
Physiologic anemia of pregnancy
Definition
Anemia results because during pregnancy the plasma volume increases more than the erythrocytes increase. Plasma increased by 50%, where erythrocyte's only 30%.
Term
Quickening
Definition
mother's perception of fetal movement, occurring at about 18-20 weeks after last menstrual period in a woman pregnant for first time, but may occur as early as 16 weeks in a woman who was pregnant before. Fluttering sensation of the abdomen that gradually increases in intensity and frequency
Term
Striae (striae gravidarum)
Definition
stretch marks that are red wavy streaks that may appear on abdomen, thighs, buttocks, and breasts. Result from reduced connective tissue strength because of elevated adrenal steroid levels.
Term
Supine hypotensive syndrome (vena caval syndrome, aortocaval compression)
Definition
When pregnant women lies supine, the enlarging uterus may press on vena cava reducing blood flow to the right atrium, lowering BP, and causing dizziness, pallor, and clamminess. The enlarging uterus may also press on the aorta and its collateral circulation. can be corrected by having lay on left side
Term
Abortion
Definition
birth that occurs before the end of 20 weeks' gestation or the birth of a fetus-newborn who weighs < than 500 g. Miscarriage
Term
Antepartum
Definition
time between conception and the onset of labor; usually used to describe the period during which a woman is pregnant; used interchangeably w prenatal
Term
Diagonal conjugate
Definition
anteroposterior diameter that extends from the subpubic angle to the middle of the sacral promontory and is typically 12.5 cm. One of the diameters that are used to assess the size/shape of pelvic inlet. At least 11.5 cm
Term
Estimated date of birth
Definition
During a pregnancy, the approximate date when childbirth will occur; the "due date". Can be determined from LMP, evaluating uterine size, determining when quickening occurs, and auscultating fetal heart rate w a Doppler device or ultrasound
Term
Gestation
Definition
number of weeks of pregnancy since the first day of LMP
Term
Gravida
Definition
any pregnancy, regardless of duration, including present pregnancy.
Term
Intrapartum
Definition
time from the onset of true labor until the birth of the infant and placenta
Term
Multigravida
Definition
woman who is in her second or any subsequent pregnancy
Term
Multipara
Definition
a woman who has had two or more births at more than 20 weeks' gestation
Term
Nagele's rule
Definition
method of determining the estimated date of birth: after obtaining the first day of LMP, subtract 3 months and add 7 days
Term
Nulligravida
Definition
a woman who has never been pregnant
Term
Obstetric conjugate
Definition
distance from the middle of the sacral promontory to an area approximately 1 cm below the pubic crest. a measurement approximately 1.5 cm smaller than the diagonal conjugate, 10 cm or more.
Term
Para
Definition
birth after 20 weeks' gestation regardless of whether the infant is born alive or dead. woman who has borne offspring who reached the age of viability
Term
postpartum
Definition
time from the delivery of the placenta and membranes until the woman's body returns to a non pregnant condition
Term
post term labor
Definition
labor that occurs after 42 weeks' gestation
Term
preterm or premature labor
Definition
labor that occurs after 20 weeks' but before completion of 37 weeks gestation
Term
primigravida
Definition
woman who is pregnant for the first time
Term
primipara
Definition
woman who has had one birth at more than 20 weeks gestation, regardless of whether the infant was born alive or dead
Term
risk factors
Definition
any findings that suggest the pregnancy may have a negative outcome for either the woman or her unborn child
Term
stillbirth
Definition
an infant born dead after 20 weeks gestation
Term
term
Definition
the normal duration of pregnancy (38-42 weeks)
Term
Calories
Definition
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 degree C
Term
Dietary reference intakes
Definition
broad array of dietary reference values developed jointly by the US and Canada as either the recommended dietary allowance or adequate intake.Can be used to assess and plan intake for individuals of different ages
Term
Folic acid
Definition
member of the vitamin B complex, required for amino acid metabolism, DNA synthesis, and production of RBC. Recommended during pregnancy
Term
Kilocalorie
Definition
equivalent to 1000 cal and is the unit used to express the energy value of food
Term
Lactase deficiency (lactose intolerance)
Definition
difficulty digestig milk and milk products. results from inadequate amt of the enzyme lactase, which breaks down the milk sugar lactose into small digestible substances.
Term
Lacto-ovovegetarians
Definition
milk, dairy products, and eggs in diets always. Occasionally fish, poultry, and liver.
Term
lactovegetarian
Definition
dairy products, but no eggs in diet
Term
Pica
Definition
persistent eating of substances such as soil, clay(geophagia), powdered laundry starch, corn starch(amylophagia), soap, baking powder, ice(pagophagia), freezer frost, burned matches, or ashes, things that are not considered edible or nutritionally valuable
Term
Vegans
Definition
"pure" vegetarians, will not eat any food from animal sources
Term
Artificial rupture of membranes (AROM)
Definition
procedure where amniotic membranes are ruptured by a certified nurse midwife or physician using an instrument called an amniohook. AKA amniotomy
Term
bloody show
Definition
softening and effacement of the cervix. Mucous plug expels, resulting in a small amount of blood loss from exposed cervical capillaries. results in pink tinged secretions
Term
breech presentation
Definition
birth where buttocks and/or feet are presenting part rather than the head. occurs in 3-4% of all term pregnancies
Term
cardinal movements
Definition
mechanisms of labor, positional changes of the fetus as it moves through birth canal during labor and birth. Positional changes are descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, restitution, and external rotation
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