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O Chem
General
36
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
01/28/2011

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Alkanes
Definition

Tetrahedral 

All σ Bonds

 sp3 About Carbons

109 angles

Term
Depiction Types
Definition

Lewis

 

Condensed

 

Abbreviated Line

Term
Reactions of Alkanes
Definition

Combustion: Produces CO2+H2O

 

Substitution: One atom replaces H on a hydrocarbon. Req. catalyst or UV.

 

Dehydrogenation (elimination): Makes alkenes and alkynes + H. Requires heat, catalyst, pressure.  

 

Cracking

 

Isomerization

Term
Cycloalkanes
Definition

Ring Structure

 

No double bonds

 

bond angles dependent upon ring size

 

sp3 Hybridization

Term
Chiral Carbon
Definition
A Carbon atom with 4 groups attached.
Term
Optical/Stereoisomer
Definition

Mirror image

Rotate planar polarized light

Term
Saturated Hydrocarbon
Definition
No double bonds between carbon atoms
Term
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Definition
At least one double bond between carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon.
Term
cis-
Definition

Geometric Isomer

 

Larger portion of CH groups on same side of double bond.

Term
Trans-
Definition

Geometric Isomer

Larger portion of CH groups on opposite sides of main chain.

Term

Alkenes and Alkynes


-Bonds

 

-Hybridization

 

-Geometry

Definition

1 pi and 1 sigma

 

sp2

 

trigonal planar

Term

Alkynes

 

Bonds

 

Hybridization

 

Geometry

Definition

Triple Bond: 1σ 2∏

 

sp hybridization

 

linear about triple bond

Term
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Reactions
Definition

Hydrogenation

 

Halogenation: double or triple bond opens up to add both atoms of a halogen.

 

Addtion of Hydrohalogen: H-rich get H-richer

 

Addition of water: Alkenes form alcohols. OH enters at double bond H fills in the hydrogen richer C.

Term

Benzene

 

Bonds

 

Hybridization

 

Geometry

 

 

Definition

1 double, 2 single

 

sp2 hybridization

 

trigonal planar 120 degree 

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Aniline (Aminobenzine)

C6H5NH2

Term
[image]
Definition

 

Benzoic Acid

C6H5COOH

 

Term
[image]
Definition

 

Phenol

C6H5OH

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Toluene

C6H5CH3

Term
[image]
Definition
Primary alcohol
Term
[image]
Definition
Naphthalene
Term
O Chem Redox Steps
Definition

1. Assign a zero for each bond to another carbon atom.

2. assign a -1 for each bond to an H atom.

3. Assign a +1 for each bond to N, O, S, or halogen

Add them up to get each C's oxidation number.

Term
[image]
Definition
Secondary Alcohol
Term
[image]
Definition
Tertiary Alcohol
Term
[image]
Definition
Ortho-xylene
Term
[image]
Definition
Meta-xylene
Term
[image]
Definition
Para-xylene
Term

Alcohols

 

Suffix

 

Major IM forces

 

Solubility

 

 

Definition

"-ol"

 

Hydrogen Bonds

 

Very soluble at lower molar masses 

Term

Alcohol Synthesis

 

 


 

 

Definition

 

HOH+alkenes

 

Methanol from CO+H2


 

Term

Alcohol Chemical Properties

 

 

 

 

Definition

Oxidation:

Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and carboxylic acids.

Secondary alcohols can be oxidized to ketones.

Tertiary alcohols do not oxidize.

 

Elimination (dehydration):

Remove H2O

 

Substitution:

Halogens can replace -OH's


Term

Ethers

 

Suffix

 

Bond Angle

 

Major IM force

Definition

" _ether"

 

109

 

dipole-dipole (low BP)

Term

Amines

 

Suffix

 

Odor

 

Acid or Base

 

Major IM Force

 

Solubility

 

 

 


Definition

"-amine"

 

Fishy

 

weak base

 

H Bonding

 

very soluble up to 3 or 4 C's

Term

Aldehydes

 

Suffix

 

Major IM Force

 

Synthesis

 

 

Definition

"-al"

 

Dipole-dipole

 

Oxidation of primary alcohols w/ permanganate or dichromate.

 

Term

Ketones

 

Suffix

 

Synthesis

 

Major IM Force


Definition

"-one"

 

Oxidation of secondary alcohols

 

Dipole-dipole

Term

Carboxylic Acids

 

Suffix

 

Group

 

Major IM Forces

 

Synthesis

 

Solubility

Definition

"-oic acid"

 

-COOH

 

Dipole-dipole and H-Bonding

 

Oxidizing aldehydes, oxidizing primary alcohols

 

High solubility

Term

Esters

 

Suffix

 

Group

 

Synthesis

 

Properties

Definition

"-ate"

 

-COO-

 

Esterification: organic acid + alcohol

 

Sweet, fruity odor

Term

Amides

 

Suffix

 

Group

 

 

 

 

Definition

"-amide"

 

-CON-

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