Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Nutrition
Study cards for topic: Nutrition
38
Nursing
Professional
11/10/2012

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Describe the proccess of digestion
Definition
  • Mastication takes place in mouth. Food particles are mixed with amylase (enzyme) in saliva
  • Deglutition (swallowing) begins in mouth and continues in the pharynx and the esophagus
  • Churning in stomach mixes HCl w/food
  • Absorption of most nutrients in the small intestine
  • Absorption of water/electrolytes in lg intestine
  • Further churning, peristalsis, and absorption help move the residual ingested mass alopng the full length of the large intestine, where it is stored until it is evacuated from the body
Term
The amount of energy required for basic life processes when the body is at rest
Definition
Basal Metabolism
Term
Factors that increase Basal Metabolism
Definition
  • Growth
  • infections
  • fever
  • stress
  • extreme environmental temperatures
  • elevated levels of certain hormones
Term
Factors that decrease Basal Metabolism
Definition
  • aging
  • prolonged fasting and sleep
Term

What is the BMR for men?

 

What is the BMR for women?

 

Which is higher and why?

Definition

Men = 1cal/kg of body weight per hour

Women = 0.9cal/kg per hour

 

Men's is higher due to a larger muscle mass

Term
How is BMI calculated and wheat does it reflect?
Definition

BMI is calculated by taking your weight in lbs divided by height in inches x 703.

 

BMI reflects total body fat storage

Term

Nutrients that supply energy

 

List the 3

Definition

macronutrients

 

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats (lipids)

Term

nutrients that regulate body processes

 

Name the 3

Definition

micronutrients

 

Vitamins, Minerals, Water

Term
Carbohydrates are made up of ______ and ______ and are organic compounds compoased of ______, _______, and ______.
Definition

sugars and starches

 

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Term
Carbohydrates serve as the structural framework of _______; ______ is the only animal source
Definition
plants; lactose
Term
How many calories per gram are carbohydrates?
Definition
4 cal/gram
Term
How are carbohydrates transported through the blood?
Definition
they are converted to glucose
Term
What do cells do to glucose and what do they provide?
Definition
Cells oxidize glucose to provide energy, carbon dioxide, and water
Term
how many grams of carbs are needed daily to prevent ketosis?
Definition
50 -100g
Term

What two groups are Simple carbohydrates divided into?

 

 

Definition

Monosaccharides - glucose, fructose, galactose

Disaccharides - sucrose, maltose, and lactose

Term
What three groups are complex carbohydrates divided into?
Definition

Glycogen (animal version of starch)

Fiber

Starch (Glucose not used by plants stored as starch, and grains)

Term

Diabetes is a defect in ________/_________.

 

Diabetes is controlled with: _______,________,_______.

Definition

insulin production/insulin action

 

medicaitons, diet, exercise

Term

What are the signs and symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes?

 

 

Definition
  • Polyuria (^ urination)
  • Polydyspia ( ^ thirst)
  • Polyphagia (^ hunger)
  • weight loss
  • fatigue
  • ^ freq of injections
  • rapid onset
  • insulin dependent
  • early onset
Term
What are the signs and symptoms of Type II Diabetes
Definition
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • familial tendency
  • avg 50 years old
  • Hx of ^ BP
  • fatigue
  • decreased energy
  • recurrent infections 
Term
What are the signs and symptoms of Hypoglycemia
Definition

Tachycardia

Irritability

Restless

Excessive hunger

Diaphoresis

Depression

 

Hungry/Headache

Anxious

Blurred Vision

Shaky

Term
When someone is hypoglycemic, do they need an increase in blood sugar or a decrease?
Definition
They need to increase their blood sugar
Term
What are the treatments of diabetes?
Definition

ADA diet (american diabetic association)

Meds: insulin subQ

Oral hypoglycemics: Metformin, glyburide

Term
Contain sufficient amounds of essential amino acids to maintain body tissues and to promote growth
Definition
Complete proteins
Term

Contain sufficient amounds of amino acids to maintain life but do not promote growth

 

Do not contain sufficient amounts of all essential amino acids to maintain life, build tissue, or promote growth

Definition

Partially complete proteins

 

Incomplete proteins

Term

Organic compounds composed of polymers of amino acids connected by peptide bonds.

 

They contain _____, _____, ______, and _____.

Definition

Proteins

 

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Term
How many cal/g are proteins?
Definition
4 cal/g
Term
What is one measure of protein requirement and what does it compare?
Definition
Nitrogen balance compares intake and excretion
Term
When would you see a state of positive nitrogen balance (when intake is greater than excretion)?
Definition

when new tissues are being synthesized as in:

recovery from illness

athletic training

pregnancy

childhood growth

Term
The undesirable condition of a negative nitrogen balance (when excretion of nitrogen exceeds the intake) may exist when?
Definition

when a disease or treatment is causing excessive tissue breakdown

When the diet is inadequate in protein, calories, or both

Term
  1. Fats are either ______ or _____.
  2. _______ in water.
  3. ___-___% total intake.
  4. Composed of ____, _____, and ____.
Definition
  1. saturated (animal) or unsaturated (veg)
  2. insoluable
  3. 20-30%
  4. Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
Term

Where does digestion of fats largely occur?

 

How many cal/g are fats?

Definition

small intestine

 

9 cal/g

Term
What does fat aid in?
Definition
the absorption of fat soluable vitamins
Term
  1. Cholesterol occurs in all _____ food and none in _____ foods.
  2. Is Required for synthesis of some ______.
  3. Is an essential component of ____ ______.

 

Definition

1. animal ; plant


2. hormones


3. cell membrane

Term

Cholesterol

 

Should be < ___mg/dl

 

HDL should be > ___mg/dl for males

                        > ___mg/dl for females

 

LDL should be between ___-___mg/dl

Definition

200mg/dl

HDL (M) >45

HDL (F) >55

 

LDL 60-190mg/dl

Term

Vitams are essential for ______.

They are ____ and ____ soluable.

Definition

metabolism

water and fat

Term

Macrominerals include (3):

 

Microminerals include (4):

 

Definition

Macro: calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium

 

Micro: iron, zinc, manganese, and iodine

Term
Factors influencing Nutrition
Definition
  • developmental needs
  • physiologic factors
  • gender
  • ethnicity/culture/religion
  • health
  • psychologic factors
  • alcohol/drugs/medications
  • lifestyle/socioeconomic status
  • food fads/beliefs about food
Term
ABCD Data
Definition

Anthropometric: Height, Weight, IBW, Usual body weight, BMI

Biochemical: Laboratory values

Clinical: Assessment of skin,hair, nails, subQ, activity, food allergies

Dietary: 24-hr food recall, food freq record, food diary, diet history

Supporting users have an ad free experience!