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Nursing Skills IV
IV
85
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
04/21/2014

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Term
NS
Definition
Normal Saline
Term
D5W
Definition
Dextrose 5% in water
Term
LR
Definition
Lactated Ringers
Term
D5LR
Definition
Dextrose 5% in lactated ringers
Term
D5NS
Definition
Dextrose 5% in normal Saline
Term
TKO
Definition
To Keep Open
Term
PCA
Definition
Patient Controlled Analgesia
Term
IVPB
Definition
IV piggyback
Term
Purposes of IV therapy
Definition
Administer: Meds, chemo, blood products

Maintain/Support/Replace: Electrolytes, fluid, calories, vitamins
Term
Hypertonic solution
Definition
Greatly expand intravascular spaces.
Term
What do we want to monitor with hypertonic solutions?
Definition
Fluid Overload
Term
What type of solutions are hypertonic
Definition
D5NS and D5LR
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
May cuase sudden fluid shift from vessels into cells
Term
When do we not give hypotonic solutions?
Definition
Do not give to patient at risk of 3rd spacing
Term
What solutions are hypotonic?
Definition
D5W, 1/2NS
Term
Isotonic solutions treat what and how?
Definition
Treat dehydration by restoring normal fluid after extracelluar shift (burns, infection)
-Expand the intravascular compartment
Term
What do we monitor with isotonic solutions?
Definition
S/S of fluid overload, especially in HTN and CHF
Term
Isotonic fluid example
Definition
LR
O.9%NS
Term
two additional check for the 5 rights for IVs
Definition
-Check bags for leaks and for fluid clearness

-Check for incompatibilities if any other fluid is already infusing
Term
What IV therapies need the check of another RN before infusing?
Definition
Blood products
Insulin
Heparin
PCA pumps
Term
Pediatric fluid dosing
Definition
1st 10kg: 4cc/kg/hr
2nd 10Kg: 2cc/kg/hr

Next: 1cc/kg/hr
Term
Macrodrip tubing
Definition
Greater than 100ml/Hr
-10-15 gtts/ml
Term
Microdrip Tubing
Definition
Less than 100ml/Hr
-60 Gtts/ml
Term
Macrodrip timing
Definition
1 L in 2 hours
50 mL in 45 min
250 ml in 3 hours
100ml in 30 min
Term
Microdrip timing
Definition
1 L in 8 hours
1 liter in 12 hours
500 ml in 12 hours
50 ml in 30 min
250 ml in 5 hours
Term
What factors affect IV flow rate?
Definition
Viscosity
Height
Pressure
Size of IV catheter
Patency
Occlusion
Size of Vessel
Vessel Occlusion
Term
Local risks of IV therapy
Definition
Phlebitis
Inflitration
Hematoma
Thrombophlebitis
Nerve, tendon, ligament damage
Term
Systemic risks of IV therapy
Definition
Ciculatory overload
Septicemia
Air emoblism
Term
Where do you start your assessment for IV therapy?
Definition
At the top.
-Correct fluid
-tubing
-Rate
-Site Assessment
Term
Induration
Definition
Swelling
Term
Peripheral IV insertion sites
Definition
Hand, arm, foot and leg veins
Term
What veins can you use in infants for P. IVs?
Definition
Scalp Veins
Term
How often should you change Peripheral IV sites?
Definition
every 72-96 hours.
Term
Central Line IV require what dressing procedure
Definition
Sterile!!
Term
PICC
Definition
Peripherally inserted central catheter
Term
Types of Central Lines
Definition
PICC
Central Venous line
Hickman, Broviac
Implantable ports
Term
Fluid volume deficit assessments
Definition
Weight, i/o, decreased BP, weak elevated pulse, ortho hypo
Term
Fluid volume deficit labs
Definition
Increased Hct, BUN, specific gravity
Term
Fluid volume excess monitor
Definition
Weight gain, intake greater than output, tachycardia, bounding pulses, increased BP, crackles in lungs, Edema
Term
Lactated ringers lab
Definition
Monitor potassium
Term
Saline solution
Definition
Monitor sodium
Term
Dextrose lab
Definition
Monitor blood sugars
Term
What do we use to clean a luer access port and for how long?
Definition
Scrub hub for 10 seconds
Term
Port protector
Definition
Peal of seal, twist disinfectant cap over top of luer port, use only one time
Term
Alcohol scrub
Definition
10 second scrub, let dry completely. Use on luer access port
Term
What do we use to clean central lines and implanted ports?
Definition
Chlorhexidine
Term
Before hanging any bag, what do we want to do?
Definition
Close the clamps, check the fluid, check the med
Term
What type of procedure is spiking?
Definition
Sterile procedure
Term
How full do we want the drip chamber?
Definition
1/2 full
Term
Do we leave the protective cover on the end of the tubing?
Definition
Yes, we leave it on to maintain sterility
Term
What do we do before attaching the tubing?
Definition
Let IV solution flow through entire length of tubing because we want to clear the remaining air from the tubing
Term
What do we place on the tubing before hanging it?
Definition
Expiration label
Term
What do we document with IVs?
Definition
Date/Time, location of IV, IV solution and rate of flow, site assessment
Term
Gravity regulation, how high should it be?
Definition
At LEAST 36 inches above IV site
Term
How long do we count the drops when using a roller clamp each time we adjust it?
Definition
1 full minute
Term
How do we regulate by pump?
Definition
Ensure cartridge or counting device is seated properly, set the pump to the desired rate and strip tape bag as QI measure
Term
When do we use a pump?
Definition
-Frequent or repeated bolus
-TPN and lipid nutrition
-Insulin
-Nitroglycerin
-Cardiac titrated drugs
-PCA
Term
How do we fill the piggyback halfway full?
Definition
Lower it below the level of the primary bag and open the roller clamp on the secondary tubing
Term
Heplock (saline lock)
Definition
Aspriate the port with a syringe, flush port slowly to flush. Flush after infusion.
Term
When is IV flush neccessary?
Definition
Prior to and following med admin (saline lock)
-Prior to and following med admin (imcompatible medications)

-Once per shift to maintain patency (saline lock)
Term
SASH method
Definition
Saline
Administration of Medication
Saline
Heparin (IF INDICATED BY POLICY)
Term
Who is at risk for complications?
Definition
Old, young, heart failure, kidney failure
Term
Is an IV dressing clean or sterile
Definition
Clean
Term
Removal of a pump
Definition
Verify order
Clamp tubing
Note amount infused for accurate I/O
-Open sterile gauze and bandaid
-Put on CLEAN gloves
-Remove dressing
-Hold sterile gauze over IV site
-Withdraw
-Inspect cannula tip
-Apply Pressure, then band-aid
Term
Isotonic
Definition
Doesn't effect body other than to keep it in balance.
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
Dries out! Moves the water to the blood vessels and decreases edema
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
hydrates cells while reducing fluid in circulatory system. Might get a bit edemic on this.
Term
3rd Spacing
Definition
Patient shows signs of hypovolemia and hypervolemia. It is when the fluid becomes trapped in the interstitial space. Happens in the brains, lungs, abdomen or extremities
Term
Which has more fluid, intracellular or extracellular?
Definition
Intracellular
Term
What happens with hypertonic solutions
Definition
Osmotically draws water out of cells. Used as volume expanders. SHRINKS cells.

Used for acid/base balance
Term
Parenteral and enteral feeding solutions are what?
Definition
Hypertonic
Term
Hypertonic does what to veins?
Definition
Much more damage than hypotonic.
Term
What is the standard tonicity that needs to be infused in a central line rather than a peripheral line due to vein damage?
Definition
500 MEQ/ML. the greater blood flow in that area helps dilute it.
Term
Hypotonic does what?
Definition
Helps kidneys excrete excess fluids and electrolytes
Term
What kind of solution are you going to see with a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and intracellular dehydration?
Definition
Hypotonic solution for D.K
Term
Hypotonic solutions cause risk of what?
Definition
Increased intracranial pressure, cardiac collapse due to fluids shifting into brain cells or blood cells.
Term
Who do we NOT give Hypotonic solutions to
Definition
Stroke victims, head trauma, neuro surgery, any pt at risk for 3rd space fluid shifts such as burns trauma or low albumin.
Term
Are hypotonic solutions long term?
Definition
No
Term
What are we watching for hypotonic?
Definition
Confusion. Fluid volume defecit.
Term
What is LR for?
Definition
Burns, trauma, acute blood loss, hypovolemia due to 3rd spacing. Isotonic solution.
Term
How many usable veins do children have?
Definition
Less than 50 percent of the ones adults do
Term
How often should you assess IV sites for children?
Definition
hourly
Term
Microdrips are used for what
Definition
Pediatrics, adults who need smaller, more accurate drip rates
Term
When there is an emergency P. IV put in, when do you need to change it by?
Definition
48 hours because it might not be as sterile as it should have been due to the situation
Term
How much air in an IV bolus can be harmful?
Definition
10-15cc
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