Term
| What document expressed a call to action by all governments & world communities to promote and protect all people, stating "Health is a fundamental human right" |
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Definition
| The Declaration of ALMA-ATA, created at the International Conference on Primary Health Care (1978) |
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Term
| What is: "an event that causes human suffering and demands more resources than are available in the community?" |
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Definition
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Term
Surveillance
(as defined by the Minnesota model) |
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Definition
| Describes and monitors health events through ongoing & systematic collection, analysis & interpretation of health data for the purpose of planning, implementing & evaluating public health interventions. |
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Term
| Function of the 10 Essential Public Health Services? Who created list? |
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Definition
The 10 essentials provide a GUIDING FRAMEWORK for the responsibilities of local public health systems & the FOUNDATION for strategy building toward a healthy, integrated public health system capable of ensuring the health of the public.
-Created by the U.S.D.H.H.S. |
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Term
Key S & S of the
SPANISH FLU? |
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Definition
*Severe CYANOSIS - peoples' faces turned blue or black
*Severe headache
*Coughing/Breathing difficulties
*Nosebleeds
*Aching joints
*Weight loss |
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Term
| What disease became a world-wide pandemic and caused great stress on the U.S. health system in 1918? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the
3 CORE FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH?
-Created by whom? |
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Definition
1. Assessment
2. Policy Development & Planning
3. Assurance
*Created by the IOM |
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Term
During the Plague, which country set up "Specialist Health Boards?"
Why were they important? |
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Definition
Italy
*These boards were important because they attempted to legislate for cleanliness & were the most effective/efficient organizations for controlling the plague in W. Europe.
*Their measures became models for establishments of health controls in other countries/states. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common. |
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Term
Primary sign of
SUBSTANCE ABUSE |
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Definition
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Term
4 Overaching goals of
HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 |
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Definition
1. Attain HIGH QUALITY, LONGER LIVES, FREE OF preventable disease, disability, injury & premature death.
2. Achieve HEALTH EQUITY, eliminate disparities & improve health of all groups.
3. Create social & physical ENVIRONMENTS that promote good health for all.
4. Promote QUALITY OF LIFE, healthy development & healthy behaviors across ALL LIFE STAGES. |
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Term
SUICIDE:
More ________ attempt it, but more ______ are successful. |
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Definition
| More women attempt suicide but men are more successful at it. |
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Term
Common sites of
ABUSE
(on the body) |
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Definition
*Lower back/Buttocks
*Genitals/Inner thighs
*Cheeks/Earlobes
*Upper/Lower Lip, Frenulum |
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Term
Any bruise on a child under
________ __________ of age should be
evaluated |
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Definition
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Term
Has PUBLIC HEALTH FUNDING
increased or decreased in the past 20 years? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Upgrading the infrastructure of a poor, dilapidated neighborhood to attract business & wealthier residents but at the same time, displaces the poor who originally lived there but can now no longer afford it. |
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Term
| Genetics, Individual Behavior, Physical Environment, Discrimination, Literacy Levels, Legislative Policies, Racism, Health Services are all examples of: |
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Definition
Health Determinants
or
Determinants of Health
(however you like to say it:) |
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Term
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Definition
| Attainment of the highest level of health for all people. |
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Term
What is this the formula for:
# of People at Risk Who Develop a Certain Disease
Total # of People at Risk
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Definition
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Term
Attack Rates
defined by P. Spencer |
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Definition
| A special incidence rate calculation for a particular population for a single disease outbreak expressed as a percent. |
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Term
Class "A" Bioterrorist Agents
include: |
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Definition
*Smallpox
*Botulism toxin
*Anthrax
*Tularemia
*Hemorrhagic virus (Ebola, Marburg)
*Plague |
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Term
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Definition
Incidence rate: The # of NEW cases (within a certain time frame)
Prevalence rate: All current, existing cases (new & old) within a population |
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Term
"Endemic"
Diseases are... |
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Definition
Diseases that occur regularly in the population
(Ex: heart disease in the U.S.,
Malaria in Africa) |
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Term
| What is the first item/supply brought out by FEMA to an affected population after a disaster? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The study of the distribution & determinants of diseases and injuries in human populations.
-or-
The study of disease trends for the purpose disease prevention & health maintenance |
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Term
| Who was instrumental in the organization of the AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS in 1881? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Written in 1850 by Lemuel Shattuck
-Became blueprint for American health organization.
-It was a survey of sanitary conditions in Massachusetts & made recommendations to rectify situation. |
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Term
| 3 LEVELS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT |
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Definition
1. Preparedness
2. Response
3. Recovery |
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Term
DIRECT CONTACT
diseases include: |
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Definition
- STD's
- Mono
- Impetigo
- Lice
- Scabies |
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Term
Name 3
VECTOR-BORNE
diseases |
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Definition
1. Lyme Disease
2. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
3. Malaria |
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Term
What type of CHILD ABUSE is:
"most reported - least followed-up on?" |
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Definition
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Term
| Effects of CHILD ABUSE on the VICTIM: |
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Definition
-Lack of empathy for others
-Lack of guilt/remorse
-Depression/Anxiety/Fear
-Low self-esteem
-Detachment from others
-PTSD
-Learn that violence is the "norm", may become abusers themselves |
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Term
T.B., Measles, & Chickenpox are all
__________-borne diseases |
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Definition
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Term
The 10 ESSENTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES
(just the key terms/words) |
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Definition
1. MONITOR health status
2. DIAGNOSE & INVESTIGATE
3. INFORM, EDUCATE, & EMPOWER
4. MOBILIZE partnerships
5. DEVELOP policies
6. ENFORCE laws
7. LINK people to services
8. ASSURE competent workforce
9. EVALUATE
10. RESEARCH for new insights. |
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Term
What is this the definition of:
"A healthy population who may in fact, improve their health by making certain choices that will further promote health and/or protect against disease or injury?" |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
1. Salmonella
2. Hepatitis A
3. Trichinosis
4. E. Coli |
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Term
| 81.5% of victims of child abuse are abused by whom? |
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Definition
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Term
Giardia & Cholera are
_______-borne diseases |
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Definition
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Term
When/Where was the
FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AIDS? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the goal of the
IOM REPORT? |
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Definition
| To INCREASE HEALTH LITERACY |
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Term
| Which country, among 19 industrialized nations, has the HIGHEST rate of PREVENTABLE deaths? |
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Definition
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Term
3 types of
POLICY
and their definitions |
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Definition
1. PUBLIC policy - term used to describe government actions, including, for example: economic and social policy
2. ECONOMIC policy - promotes and regulates markets
3. SOCIAL policy - seeks to improve the conditions of American society and achieve greater social equity |
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Term
ADVOCACY
(as defined by Minnesota DPH) |
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Definition
| To plead someone's case or act on someone's behalf, with a focus on developing the community, system, individual or family's capacity to plead their own case or act on their own behalf. |
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Term
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Definition
| Those with a common risk factor leading to the threat of a particular health issue. |
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Term
How are BIOTERRORIST agents classified?
-Which is the "worst"? |
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Definition
*They are classified as "A, B, or C".
"A" - being the "worst" or highest priority because it is easily transmittable with high mortality rates. These agents "post a risk to national security".
"B" - agents that are moderately easy to spread, with moderate morbidity and mortality rates.
"C" - Compromising, emerging pathogens possibly engineered in future. They are available and easy to produce |
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Term
4 Categories of emergency/disaster
TRIAGE |
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Definition
1. GREEN - "Minimal", the walking wounded
2. YELLOW - "Delayed", serious, potentially life-threatening & needs to be seen within 6 hours, transport can be delayed.
3. RED - "Immediate", Life-threatening, needs to be seen now or needs immediate transport.
4. BLACK - "Expectant", those expected to die, injuries so severe responders will not be able to get to them in time or the victim will not survive transport. |
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Term
| Which nurse organized nurses in NY city to work during the SPANISH flu outbreak? |
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Definition
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Term
NATURAL
VS.
ARTIFICIAL
IMMUNITY |
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Definition
NATURAL immunity - antigen/antibody response of the body.
ARTIFICIAL immunity - through VACCINATION; two types:
1. Active (vaccination with live,
killed, or toxoid)
2. Passive (from antitoxin or
antibodies) |
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Term
| This occurs when the vaccination of a large portion of the population provides a measure of protection for individuals who have not developed immunity (or have not got the vaccine themselves)... |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Group A Streps include:
-Strep throat
-Scarlet Fever
-IMPETIGO
-Toxic shock
-Cellulitis
-Necrotizing fascitis, "flesh-eating" disease
Group B:
Mom's who have this need to be screened or during labor they can pass onto baby; the newborn can then get blood infections, pneumonia, &/or meningitis.
*Also group B's can cause UTI's, Blood/skin infections and pneumonia in adults. |
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Term
| First effective medicine against AIDS was? |
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Definition
AZT (Azidothymidine)
- It helps to delay the development of AIDS from HIV |
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Term
| Per the CDC, how long should you wash your hands? |
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Definition
|
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Term
S & S of
SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME |
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Definition
-Extreme irritability
-Difficulty staying awake
-Breathing problems
-Poor eating
-Tremors
-Vomiting
-Pale/bluish skin
-Seizures
-Paralysis
-Coma |
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Term
"SIGNIFICANT TRAUMA"
as defined by California law |
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Definition
"Any injury beyond temporary redness of the skin..."
this per my class notes, it may not be complete |
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Term
| What is the PRIORITY assessment used when triaging disaster victims? (per ATI) |
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Definition
| The client's LIKELIHOOD OF SURVIVAL |
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Term
| For how long does a smallpox vaccination provide immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a public health nurse identifies an epidemic (ie. 5 people present with avian flu at a county clinic), what are her/his priority interventions? |
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Definition
1. NOTIFY the public health department
2. Containment including QUARANTING those inside the clinic, closing the clinic. |
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Term
| The 3 most common pneumonia-capable Bioterrorist agents |
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Definition
1. Respiratory Anthrax
2. Tularemia
3. Bubonic plague |
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Term
| The phase of disaster RESPONSE includes what activities? |
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Definition
1. Activation of the disaster management plan
2. Triage and management of disaster victims.
3. Evacuation
4. Quarantine
5. Management of shelters as needed |
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Term
A community health nurse is a first responder to a bombing incident and is assigned to the triage area. Which of the following victims with life-threatening injuries should be given the highest priority?
a. The most seriously injured victims
b. Victims with the highest probability of survival
c. Victims needing immediate transportation to a trauma center
d. Victims at the highest risk for systemic complications |
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Definition
| b. Victims with the highest probability for survival. |
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Term
| Preparation with bioterrorism drills, vaccines, and abx's for exposure prophylaxis & Bioterrorism planning are what level of prevention? (ie.primary, secondary, tertiary) |
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Definition
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Term
| Secondary prevention in disaster response/management includes what activities? |
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Definition
*Early recognition
*Activation of bioterrorism/disaster plan
*Immediate implementation of infection controls and containment measures
*Screening population for exposure, assessing rates of infection, & administering vaccines
*Assisting with educating the population regarding S & S identification and management
*Monitoring mortality and morbidity |
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Term
| Rehabilitition of survivors, Monitoring medication regimens and referrals, and evaluating effectiveness of plan are what level of prevention in disaster management/response? |
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Definition
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Term
S & S of
INHALATION ANTHRAX |
|
Definition
*Sore Throat
*Severe dyspnea
*Meningitis
*Fever
*Muscle Aches
*Shock |
|
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Term
|
Definition
*Difficulty swallowing
*Progressive weakness
*Nausea, vomiting & abdominal cramps
*Difficulty breathing |
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Term
|
Definition
*Rash (starts centrally and spreads outward), turns into pus-filled lesions..mmmm yummy...
*High fever
*Fatigue
*Severe headache
*Vomiting
*Delirium
*Excessive bleeding |
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Term
|
Definition
*Internal and external bleeding
*Sore throat
*Headache
*High Temperature
*Shock |
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Term
Treatment for
INHALATION ANTHRAX |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
*Airway Management
*ANTITOXIN
*Elimination of toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
*No cure, supportive care
*Hydration
*Pain meds
*Antipyretics |
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Term
|
Definition
*No cure, supportive care
*Minimize invasive procedures |
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Term
3 agencies involved in
DISASTER RESPONSE |
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Definition
*FEMA
*Office of Emergency Management (OEM)
*American Red Cross |
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Term
| Why was there a "lack of response" after Hurricane Katrina? |
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Definition
| The initial assessment of damage was underestimated |
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Term
| What became an epidemic after the 2005 Pakistani-Indian earthquake? |
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Definition
| TETANUS - due to lack of vaccines, the remoteness of villages, the isolation of populations, and # of infected wounds |
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Term
| What 2 psych illnesses are common after disasters? |
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Definition
| PTSD & Delayed Stress Reactions |
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Term
| *POPULATIONS AT RISK (IN REGARDS TO A DISASTER- IDENTIFIED DURING PREDISASTER ASSESSMENT) |
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Definition
| Those populations that have fewer resources or less of an ability to withstand and survive a disaster without physical harm. AKA Susceptible population |
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Term
| What are the infectious diseases that cause the most deaths world-wide? |
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Definition
*Pneumonia
*Diarrheal diseases
*Tuberculosis
*Malaria
*Measles
*HIV/AIDS |
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Term
| What populations are most at risk for getting a communicable disease? |
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Definition
*Young children
*Older adults
*Immunosuppressed clients
*IV drug users
*Health care workers :( |
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Term
| Which population has higher rates of infant/maternal morbidity rates, higher rates of chronic illnesses, higher occupational risks, higher rates of suicide, high risk of trauma/injury & are less likely to seek medical care? |
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Definition
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Term
| This population has high incidence/prevalence rates of: Dental disease, TB, HIV, Depression/other mental, Domestic Violence, Lack of prenatal care, and Infant Mortality |
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Definition
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Term
| What population is the fastest growing segment of the HOMELESS? |
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Definition
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Term
| The FOCUS of tertiary prevention with SUBSTANCE ABUSERS is? |
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Definition
| Focus is on avoiding relapse of individuals who have already been treated for substance abuse. |
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Term
| What is the most preventable cause of death in the U.S. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most commonly used substance in the U.S.? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How many hours after one stops drinking do withdrawal symptoms start? |
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Definition
| About 6 hours after last drink |
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Term
| What group of people should ALWAYS and CONSISTENTLY be screen for abuse? |
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Definition
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Term
| It is important to build TRUST AND CONFIDENCE with whom? |
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Definition
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Term
The philosophy of hospice care includes which of the following?
a. Provide the client with all life-sustaining measures
b. All diseases can be cured
c. Provide support for clients and families during the dying process
d. Provide pain management only |
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Definition
c. Provide support for clients and families during the dying process.
Hospice goal: provide best quality of life at the end of life; pain management and symptom control become the foci of care |
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