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NURS366
The Child with Respiratory Dysfunction
33
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
01/29/2012

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Cards

Term
Three components of upper respiratory tract
Definition
nose, pharynx, larync
Term
Two components of lower respiratory track
Definition
bronchi and bronchioles (branches 26 times)
Term
Do infections affect upper resp. or lower resp. track
Definition
both
Term
Virus causing respiratory problems
Definition
RSV - respiratory syncytial virus (#1 cause of bronchiolities in children.
Term
How many times does the bronchi branch?
Definition
26 times
Term
Where do infants under 3 months get antibodies
Definition
maternal antibodies coming from breast milk
Term
what happens between the age of 3 month and 5 years with respiratory infections?
Definition
3-6 months infection rate increases when child stopps breast feeding.
at toddler and preschool ages high rate of viral infections children older than 5 years there is a decrease in viral infections and an increase in bacterial. Increased immunity with age.
Term
Differences between respiratory track in children from adults
Definition
diameter of airways is smaller because of less alveoli, distance between structures is shorter allowing organisms to rapidly move down, shorter wider eustachian tubes used in children.
Term
Rib expansion in children.
Definition
children have more cartilage in chest wall and it is more ridged they can expand horizontally instead of up this causes them to be more likely to have retractions (using accesssory muscles to help them breath) The younger the patient, the more you see retractions.
Term
What are crackles
Definition
fluid in lungs
Term
What are wheezes
Definition
asthama (wheezing on exhale)
Term
What is head bobbing in infant
Definition
dypsnea, because they are having a hard time breathing
Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
absent lung sounds NEVER NORMAL lung has collapsed.
Term
6 factors that impact respiratory distress?
Definition
-immune system defiiencies
-Allergies, asthma
-Cardiac anomalies
-Cystic fibrosis
-Day Care
-Passive Smoke
Term
4 clinical manifestations of respiratory dysfunction (most common in young children under age three)
Definition
-fever
-anorexia
-cough
-resp. sounds
Term
6 nursing interventions
Definition
-ease respiratory effort
-fever management because this increases metabolism
-Promote rest and comfort
-infection control - hand washing
-promote hydration and nutrition
-Family support and teaching
Term
What is Croup Syndrome
Definition
characterized by barking, cough, inspiratory stridor and varying degree of respiratory distress
Usually viral
Term
Three areas croup syndromes affect
Definition
larynx, trachea, bronchi
Term
edema from croup leads to...
Definition
obstruction and narrowing of larynx
Term
acute epiglottitis (bacterial) clinical manifestations
Definition
sore throat
fever
tripod
positioning
retractions
rapid onset
inspiratory stridor
mild hypoxia
distress
Term
Treatment for acute epiglottitis? (2 options)
Definition
antibiotics, intubation
Term
Prevention of acute epiglottitis
Definition
Hib vaccine
Term
What is the most common of the croup syndroms in patients under the age of five...
Definition
acute laryngotracheobronchitis (viral)
Term
Organisms responsible for acute viral laryngotracheobronchitis
Definition
RSV, parainfluenza virus, influenza A and B
Term
Manifestations of LTB
Definition
inspiratoy stridor
suprasternal retractions
barking cough
increasing respiratory distress and hypoxia from obstruction/edema
can progress to respiratory acidosis, resp. failure and death
Term
Treatment of LTB
Definition
racemic epinephrine (neb) and steroids
Term
4 kinds of therapuetic management
Definition
airway management
maintain hydration
high humidity
nebulizer treatments (epinephrine, steroids)
Term
What is bacterial tracheitis (bacterial)
Definition
infection of the mucosa of the upper trachea (staphylococcus)
distinct entity with feature of croup and epiglottitis
Term
therapuetic management of bacterial trachetitis
Definition
humidified oxygen
antipyretics
antibiotics
may require intubation
Term
leading cause of chronic illness in children
Definition
Asthma
Term
Two ways to manage asthma
Definition
allergy control
medication administration
Term
Pulmonary function tests
Definition
provide you with baseline data, continuous assessment of pulmonary function due to pulmonary disease
helps you differentiate between a restrictive airway problem and an obstructive airway problem
Term
Two types of pulmonary function tests
Definition
volume
capacity
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