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| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
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| An infection that can be acquired in a hospital. |
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| Procedures used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread. |
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| Procedures used to eliminate any microorganisms; sterile technique. |
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| Guidelines recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for reducing the risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens in hospitals. |
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| Transmission-based precautions |
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Definition
| Safeguards designed for patients documented or suspected to be infected with highly transmissible or epidemiologically important pathogens for which additional precautions beyond standard precautions are needed to interrupt transmission in hospitals. |
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| What are the three types of transmission-based precautions? |
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Definition
Airborne precautions
Droplet precautions
Contact precautions |
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Personal protective equipment (PPE)
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| A part of standard precautions for all health care workers to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure when in contact with blood and body fluid of any patient. |
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| Anaphylactic hypersensitivity to soluble proteins in latex, seen most often in patients sensitized by repeated exposure to latex. |
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| A skin rash resulting from exposure to a primary irritant or to a sensitizing antigen. |
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| An organism that exists harmlessly as part of the normal human body environment and does not become a health threat until the body's immune system fails. |
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| Negative pressure isolation rooms |
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Definition
| Isolation rooms used for patients with an airborne transmitted disease. Airflow goes from the corridor into the patient's room. As patient's room air is exhausted, it is vented to the outside. |
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The area underneath and between both feet.
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| The application of kinesiology to the use of proper body movement in daily activities, to the prevention and correction of problems associated with posture, and to the enhancement of coordination and endurance. |
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The point at which the entire weight of a body may be considered as concentrated so that if supported at this point the body would remain in equilibrium in any position.
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| The exertion of force by means of a lever, or an object used in the manner of a lever. |
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| An imaginary line that extends from the center of gravity to the base of support. |
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| The position of the body with respect to the surrounding space. |
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| The placement or maintenance of body structures in their proper anatomic positions. |
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| The posture assumed by the patient when the head of the bed is raised 45 to 60 degrees. |
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| Placement of the patient in a semisitting position by raising the head and trunk 90 degrees. The knees may or may not be flexed. |
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Definition
| Placement of the patient in an inclined position, with the upper half of the body raised by elevating the head of the bed approximately 30 degrees. |
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| A position with the patient lying face down with arms bent comfortably at the elbow. |
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| A supine position with the patient inclined at an angle of 45 degrees; so that the pelvis is higher than the head, used during and after operations in the pelvis or for shock. |
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| Reverse Trendelenburg's position |
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Definition
| Supine position without flexing or extending, in which the head is higher than the feet. |
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| Supine position (dorsal position) |
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Definition
| The position of a person lying on the back. |
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Definition
| A wedge (usually a rolled towel) placed from the crest of the ilium to midthigh to prevent external rotation of the hip when the patient is in a recumbent position. |
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| Devices that preserve the client's functional ability to grasp and pick up objects; prevents contractures. |
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| A maneuver used to turn a reclining patient from one side to the other or completely over without flexing the spinal column. The arms of the patient are folded across the chest, and the legs extended. A draw sheet under the patient is manipulated by attending health care team members or nursing personnel to facilitate the procedure. |
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| A point that is particularly sensitive to pressure. |
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| Board that prevents foot drop by keeping the feet in a functional position. |
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| Movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body. |
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| The movement of a limb toward the midline or axis of the body. |
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| Backward flexion or bending, as of the hand or foot. |
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| A toe-down motion of the foot at the ankle. |
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| a "straightening" movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that increases the angle between two adjoining bones. |
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| The condition of being flexed or bent. |
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| Movement at a joint to a position beyond the joint's normal maximum extension. |
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| Assumption of a prone position, one in which the ventral surface of the body faces downward. |
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Definition
| Assumption of a supine position, one of lying on the back, face up. |
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| Circular movement of a limb or of the eye. |
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| A device used around the waist to secure a patient on a stretcher or in a chair. |
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| A popular term for the first movement a Pt is allowed, either after surgery under general anesthesia, or 'under local', where the recuperee allows his/her feet to dangle over the side of the bed |
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Definition
| Complete loss of strength in an affected limb or muscle group. |
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| Paralysis of one side of the body. |
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Definition
| Abnormal decrease in blood pressure when a person stands up. |
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| Vaso-vagal response (Valsalva maneuver) |
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Definition
| A reflex of the involuntary nervous system that causes the heart to slow down (bradycardia) and that, at the same time, affects the nerves to the blood vessels in the legs permitting those vessels to dilate (widen). As a result the heart puts out less blood, the blood pressure drops, and what blood is circulating tends to go into the legs rather than to the head. The brain is deprived of oxygen and the fainting episode occurs. |
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| Assistive device that allows patients in hospitals and nursing homes and those receiving home health care to be transferred between a bed and a chair or other similar resting places, using hydraulic power. |
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| a short pointed blade used to obtain a drop of blood for a capillary sample. It has a guard above the blade that prevents deep incision, and it is usually disposable. |
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| A condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced, so that glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed into the cells of the body. |
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Definition
| Measures blood glucose levels after you've gone without food for at least eight hours. |
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Definition
| Solutions in which the glucose content, both high and low, is known and is used to assure that a glucometer is working correctly. |
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| Self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) |
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Definition
Patients get an FBG (fasting blood glucose) or PPBG (post prandial blood glucose) checked at home without the need to visit a laboratory or visit a diabetologist to get their medications altered.
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| Home blood glucose monitoring (HGBM) |
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Definition
| Self evaluation of whole blood glucose levels outside the clinical laboratory. |
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| Insulin sliding scale protocol |
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Definition
Dosing regimen that prescribes how much insulin to take for different levels of blood sugar.
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| A substance that softens tissue, particularly the skin and mucous membranes. |
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| A destructive process causing decalcification of the tooth enamel and leading to continued destruction of enamel and dentin, and cavitation of the tooth. |
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| Offensive breath resulting from poor oral hygiene; dental or oral infections; ingestion of certain foods, such as garlic or alcohol; use of tobacco; or some systemic diseases. |
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| A foreign object, quantity of air or gas, bit of tissue or tumor, or piece of a thrombus that circulates in the bloodstream until it becomes lodged in a vessel. |
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| A type of bath in which only the hips and buttocks are soaked in water or saline solution. |
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| A frame placed over a bed to prevent sheets or blankets from touching the patient. |
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| An inability or difficulty in moving the ankle and toes upward (dorsiflexion). |
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| An opening, either natural or surgically created (artificial), which connects a portion of the body cavity to the outside environment. Surgical procedures in which stomata are created are ended in the suffix '-ostomy' and begin with a prefix denoting the organ or area being operated on. |
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| A medical device prosthetic that provides a means for the collection of waste from a surgically diverted biological system (colon, ileum, urinary) and the creation of a stoma. |
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| An artificial layer of skin, usually made of plastic, applied to skin before the application of tape or ostomy drainage bags. It protects the real skin from chronic irritation. |
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Definition
| To scratch or otherwise abrade the skin by physical means. |
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| A device used to perform a specific medical function or to have a specific therapeutic effect. |
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| A mouth-like opening, particularly an incised opening which is kept open for drainage or other purposes. |
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| Pertaining to the area of skin surrounding a stoma in the abdominal wall. |
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| The surgeon divides the bowel completely. Each opening is brought to the surface as a separate stoma. The 2 stomas may or may not be separated by skin. Here, too, one opening puts out stool and the other puts out only mucus (this smaller stoma is called a mucus fistula). Sometimes the end of the inactive part of the bowel is sewn closed and left inside the belly. Then there is only one stoma. The mucus from the resting portion of the bowel comes out through the rectum. |
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| The functional stoma in a double-barrel colostomy. |
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| The stoma that secretes mucus in a double-barrel colostomy. |
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Definition
| A device used for irrigating a colostomy. |
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| A long slender tube which is inserted into the rectum in order to relieve flatulence which has been chronic and which has not been alleviated by other methods. |
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| Large volume cleansing enema |
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Definition
| An enema which will fill and flush out the entire large intestine. |
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| Small volume cleansing enema (Fleets) |
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Definition
| An enema used to clean the lower portion of the colon or sigmoid. |
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Definition
| A medicinal or nutrient enema specially formulated so that it will remain in the bowel without stimulating the nerve endings that would ordinarily result in evacuation. |
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| A clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, or flavors. |
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Definition
| A liquid in which small particles of a solid are dispersed, but not dissolved, and in which the dispersal is maintained by stirring or shaking the mixture. |
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| The convex dip in the liquid's surface. |
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| Of or relating to the eye; ocular. |
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| The angular junction of the eyelids at either corner of the eyes. |
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| The partition dividing the nostrils. |
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| Air-filled cavities surrounding the eyes and nose, like the nose itself are lined with mucus-producing membranes. |
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| A device designed to deliver a measured dose of an inhaled drug. It usually consists of a canister of aerosol spray, mist, or fine powder that releases a specific dose each time it is pushed against a dispensing valve. The device is intended to reduce the risk of overmedication by the patient. |
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Definition
| A device for producing a fine spray. |
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| Lateral recumbent position |
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Definition
| The posture assumed by the patient lying on the left side with the right thigh and knee drawn up. |
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Definition
| A position in which the patient lies on one side with the under arm behind the back and the upper thigh flexed, used to facilitate vaginal examination. |
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| That part of a needle that connects to a syringe barrel. |
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Definition
| A tubular space or the channel within any organ or structure of the body. |
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| Prefilled cartridge (Tubex) |
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Definition
| A unit consisting of a cartridge with an attached needle that screws onto a plunger. |
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| Pertaining to treatment other than through the digestive system. |
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| Dorsal Gluteal (Gluteus Medius) |
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| The upper elevated margins of the ilium. |
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| A long nerve originating in the sacral plexus and extending through the muscles of the thigh, leg, and foot, with numerous branches. |
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| Any of four projections on the ilium. |
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| The pointed process of cartilage, supported by a core of bone, connected with the lower end of the sternum. |
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| A soft tube to be inserted through a nostril and into the stomach, for instilling liquids or other substances, or for withdrawing gastric contents. |
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| To withdraw fluid or air from a cavity. |
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| A plastic catheter introduced through the nose and used in gastric intubation for gastric decompression or gavage feeding. |
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| A wire for insertion into a flexible cannula or catheter to maintain its rigidity or patency during passage. |
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| Washing out the stomach with sterile water or a saltwater solution. |
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Definition
| A washing, especially of a hollow organ, such as the stomach or lower bowel, with repeated injections of water. |
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Definition
| Introduction of nutritive material into the stomach by means of a tube. |
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| Pertaining to the part of something that remains after an activity that removes the bulk of the substance. |
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Definition
| The act of withdrawing a fluid, such as mucus or serum, from the body by a suction device. |
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Definition
| Within the small intestine, or via the small intestine. |
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| Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) |
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Definition
| The creation of a new opening in the stomach for enteral tube feedings. It can also be used for gastric decompression. |
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| Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) |
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Definition
| A surgical procedure for placing a feeding tube into the jejunum (part of the small intestine) without having to perform an open laparotomy (an operation opening the abdomen). The aim of PEJ is to feed a patient who cannot swallow. |
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