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Nur 311 T2 chpt 47
chpt 47
44
Nursing
Undergraduate 3
09/10/2015

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Term
a term used to describe the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems
Definition
body mechanics
Term
this means that the individuals center of gravity is stable
Definition
body alignment
Term
a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement, the greater the surface area of the object that is moved, the greater it is
Definition
friction
Term
the force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary
Definition
shear
Term
fractures caused by weakened bone tissue
Definition
pathological fractures
Term
the connections between bones
Definition
joints
Term
the strongest tendon in the body
Definition
achilles tendon ACL
Term
connect muscle to bone
Definition
tendons
Term
these connect joints and bones to cartilage
Definition
ligaments
Term
permanent cartilage is not unossified (not hardened) except in advanced age and diseases such as ___
Definition
osteoarthritis
Term
isotonic contractions need ____tension and _____ tension
Definition
eccentric and concentric tension
Term
this type of contraction causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active movement of the muscle. Ex: instructing the patient to tighten and relax a muscle group, as in quadriceps set exercises or pelvic floor exercises)
Definition
isometric
Term
is inducing or compelling force with the use of humerus, ulna, radius, and elbow....Ex: reaching for something
Definition
leverage
Term
muscles of the lower extremities, trunk, neck and back are primarily used for _____ (the position of the body in relation to the surrounding space)
Definition
posture
Term
the normal state of balanced muscle tension
Definition
muscle tone
Term
loss of muscle tone, and joint stiffness
Definition
muscle atrophy
Term
the persons ability to move freely
Definition
mobility
Term
an intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeautic reasons
Definition
bed rest
Term
when patients are immobile, they end up excreting more nitrogen then the amount of proteins they ingest which causes decreased muscle mass, weight loss, and weakness
Definition
negative nitrogen balance
Term
being on bed rest leads to hypercalcemia, which leads to ___ because of weakened bone tissue
Definition
pathological fractures
Term
inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions
Definition
hypostatic pneumonia
Term
an increase in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure (15mmhg systolic) (10mmhg diastolic) due to being immobilized and laying in bed for too long
Definition
orthostatic hypotension
Term
the accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, etc...due to being immobile
Definition
thrombus accumulation
Term
immobilization causes two skeletal changes....1. impaired ___ metabolism and 2. ___ abnormalities
Definition
impaired calcium metabolism, joint abnormalities
Term
immobility can lead to joint _____, which is an abnormal and possibly permanent condition where the joint is atrophied and muscles are shortened
Definition
joint contracture
Term
when the foot is permanently fixed in plantar flexion (cant move foot) btw this is a type of contracture
Definition
foot drop
Term
hypercalcemia can lead to this disorder in immobilized patients,,,this is when calcium stones are lodged in the renal pelvis and usually come out via ureter
Definition
renal calculi
Term
an impairment of the skin as a result of prolonged ischemia (decreased blood supply) in tissues...it is characterized initially by inflammation then usually forms over a bony prominence
Definition
pressure ulcer
Term
the maximum amount of movement available at a joint in one of the three planes of the body, sagittal, transverse, or frontal
Definition
ROM range of motion
Term
the term ___ describes a particular manner or style of walking
Definition
gait
Term
when assessing metabolic functioning, use ____ measurements (height, weight, and skinfold thickness) to evaluate muscle atrophy
Definition
anthropometric measurements
Term
a dislodged venous thrombus, called an ___, can travel to circulatory system and cause tachycardia....90% of the time this starts in the deep veins of lower extremities
Definition
embolus
Term
to assess for ____, take patients elastic stockings or sequential compression devices (SCDs) off every 8 hours
Definition
DVT
Term
measure bilateral calf circumference and record it daily as an alternative assessment for ____
Definition
DVT
Term
redness and tenderness of calves, along with homans sign, or calf pain on dorsiflexion of foot is a sign of
Definition
DVT
Term
an effective method for preventing pneumonia and keeping the airway clear. it helps drain respiratory secretions in immobilized patients (percussion and positioning)
Definition
chest physiotherapy
Term
_____ exercises are good for treating orthostatic hypotension
Definition
isometric
Term
this prevents external rotation of the hips when the patient is in a supine position
Definition
trochanter roll
Term
a triangular device that hangs down from a bar attached to the bed frame so the patient can pull wit the upper extremities. it decreases shearing
Definition
trapeze bar
Term
if a caregiver needs to lift more then _____lbs of the patients weight, assistive devices should be used
Definition
35
Term
use a _____ device for a patient who weighs less than 200lbs, for one who is more than 200lbs use a _____ device and ___ caregivers
Definition
friction-reduction device, friction-reduction device and 3 caregivers
Term
these are activities that are necessary to be independent in society beyond eating, grooming, and toileting....such skills consist of preparing meals, banking, shopping, and taking medications
Definition
instrumental activities of daily living
Term
____ help with walking
Definition
gait belts
Term
1. one side paralysis
2. one side weakness
Definition
hemiplegia, hemiparesis
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