Shared Flashcard Set

Details

NU 214 Test 1
Hematologic Pt
39
Nursing
Pre-School
02/01/2014

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Hematological system is ?
Definition
  • bone marrow
  • reticuloendothelial system
  • blood
  • hematopoiesis - rbc production
Term
Blood cells ?
Definition
  • erythrocyte (RBC)
  • lives only 120 days
  • removed by liver, spleen and bone marrow
Term
Hemoglobin is ?
Definition
  • total amount in peripheral blood
    • m - 13-18
    • f - 12 - 16
  • O2 carrying pigment of the RBC
Term
MCV is ?
Definition
  • mean corpuscular volume
  • measure of the average size of a single RBC
  • macrocytic or microcytic
Term
MCHC is ?
Definition
  • mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
  • measure of the average % of hemoglobin within a single RBC
  • hypochromic
Term
RDW is ?
Definition
  • red cell size distribution
  • essentially an indication of the degree of abnormal variation in the size of RBC
Term
Hematocrit is ?
Definition
  • total blood volume made up by RBC
  • m - 40-52%
  • f -   36-48%
  • Reticulocytes
  • 0.5 - 1.5% of rbc
Term
Anemias is ?
Definition
  • lower than normal hemoglobin and fewer than normal circulating erythrocytes are signs of an underlying disorder
Term
Hypoproliferative anemia is?
Definition
  • defect in production of RBC
  • d/t iron, vit b12, folate deficiency
  • decreased erythropoietin production
  • cancer
Term
Hemolytic anemia is ?
Definition
  • excess destruction of rbc
  • d/t altered erythropoiesis
  • hyperspenism
  • drug induced or autoimmuned processes
  • mechanical heart valves
Term
Iron deficiency anemia is ?
Definition
  • hypoproliferative
  • hypochromic
  • microcytic
  • ↓ reticulocytes, iron, ferritin, MCV, ↑ TIBC
  • etiology - inadequate dietary intake
Term
Iron utilization ?
Definition
  • heme iron - animal sources
  • nonheme iron - plants
  • ferritin - the major iron storage protein
  • iron contained in hemoglobin is recycled
  • can store 1/4 to 1/3 of its iron
Term
Iron supplementation ?
Definition
  • ferrous sulfate 300 mg 2-4 times/day
  • vit c enhances absorption
  • drugs decrease iron absorption
    • antacids, histamine 2 blockers
    • calcium, coffee, tea
    • fiber
    • phosphates
Term
Vitamin B12 deficiency is?
Definition
  • hypoproliferative
  • normochromic
  • macrocytic
  • ↓ V B12, ↑MCV
  • causes:
    • vegetarians, faulty absorption
    • crohns disease
    • gastrectomy, elderly
  • foods high in b12 - organ meats, muscle meats, milk, cheese, eggs
Term
Pernicious anemia is ?
Definition
  • hypoproliferative
  • ↓ B12, intrinsic factor
  • need injectable B12
  • elderly, family hx
  • the gastric mucosa which fails to secrete the intrinsic factor
  • diet - soft diet d/t mouth problems
Term
Symptoms of B12 deficiencies ?
Definition
  • confusion
  • paresthesia in extremities
  • balance issues
  • loss of position
Term
Schilling Test is ?
Definition
  • evaluates the body ability to absorb vit B12 via urinary excretion
  • stage 1 is radioactive b12
  • stage 2 is intrinsic factor given
Term
Folate deficiency is ?
Definition
  • hypoproliferative
  • normochromic
  • macrocytic
  • ↓folate levels, ↑mcv
  • do not eat enough uncooked vegetables
  • alcoholics, pregnant women, hemolytic anemia
  • food high in folic acid - green leafy vegetables, organ meats, whole grains, enriched cereals
Term
Aplastic anemia is ?
Definition
  • hypoproliferative
  • normochromic
  • normocytic
  • ↓in precursor cells in the bone marrow
  • idiopathic
  • substances associated with, anticonvulsants, cytotoxic agents, antithyroid meds, antimicrobials, organic arsenic, benzene, pesticides, hypoglycemic agents
Term
Signs of Aplastic anemia ?
Definition
  • gradual onset
  • weakness
  • pallor
  • dyspnea on exertion
  • abnormal bleeding
  • sepsis -wbc
  • tx bone marrow transplant
  • immunosuppressive therapy
Term
Anemias in renal disease ?
Definition
  • ↓erythropoietin level
  • normal MCV and MCH
  • tx is epogen, procrit(recumbinant erythropoietin)
Term
Anemias in Chronic diseases ?
Definition
  • normochromic, normocytic, microcytic
  • normal or ↓ erythropoietin level
  • ↓iron and TIBC
Term
Hemolytic anemia is ?
Definition
  • altered erythropoiesis
    • fragmented rbc, ↑reticulocyte level
  • hypersplenism
    • ↑MCV
  • Drug induced anemia
    • ↑spherocyte level
  • autoimmune anemia
    • ↑spherocyte level
Term
Sickle cell anemia is ?
Definition
  • inherited hemolytic anemia
  • problems result from low oxygen tension
  • anemia, jaundice, bone marrow expands
  • dysrhythmias
  • keep hydrated
Term
sickle cell crisis is ?
Definition
  • painful episodes due to tissue hypoxia and necrosis
  • patterns of acute sickle cell crisis include:
    • acute chest crisis
    • abdominal crisis
    • joint crisis
  • frequency, severity and duration vary considerably, but most last 5-7 days.
  • tx: hydration, analgesia
Term
Acute chest crisis is ?
Definition
  • sickle cell crisis
  • sudden chest pain
  • low grade fever
  • SOB
Term
Abdominal crisis is ?
Definition
  • sickle cell crisis
  • pain is constant and sudden
  • may be localized
  • N/V
  • diarrhea
Term
Joint Crisis is ?
Definition
  • sickle cell crisis
  • may develop with out traumatic hx
  • single or multiple joints
Term
Management of Sickle Cell ?
Definition
  • Fluids
  • Pain meds
  • delay in txmt may make it worse
  • goto hospital
    • uncontrolled pain
    • uncontrolled fever
    • continued fluid loss
    • chest pain/SOB
    • severe ab pain
Term
Thalassemia anema is ?
Definition
  • inherited hemolytic anemia
  • hereditary disorders with defective Hgb
  • Two groups:
    • Alpha-thalassemia
    • beta-thalassemia
Term
Alpha Thalassemia is ?
Definition
  • occur in people from asia and middle east
Term
Beta thalassemia is ?
Definition
  • cooleys anemia
  • occur mainly in people from mediterranean regions, middle east, asia
Term
Hereditary Spherocytosis is ?
Definition
  • relatively common characterized by an abnormal permeability of the erythrocyte membrane.
  • hemolysis may be mild
  • tx: removal of spleen
Term
Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency ?
Definition
  • enzyme within the RBC that is essential for membrane stability.
  • AA, greek, italian origin
  • hemolysis occurs when RBC are stressed
  • certian drugs: vit k, antimalarial, sulfonamides, aspirin
Term
Acquired hemolytic anemia is ?
Definition
  • autoimmune process - blood transfusion
  • drug induced - methyldopa
  • hypersplenism - destroy RBC
  • mechanical heart valve - friction from valves
Term
S/S of anemia are ?
Definition
  • fatigue, weakness, malaise
  • pallor and jaundice(hemolytic only)
  • cardiac/respiratory symptoms
  • tongue changes
  • nail changes
  • angular cheilosis
  • pica
Term
Complications from anemia ?
Definition
  • HF
  • angina
  • paresthesias
  • confusion
Term
polycythemia vera is ?
Definition
  • a proliferative disorder
  • the myeloid stem cells become hyperactive, especially the RBC's
  • etiology: uknown
Term
S/S of polycythemia is ?
Definition
  • ruddy complexion
  • splenomegaly
  • ↑blood volume
  • HA, dizziness, tinnitus
  • fatigue, paresthesis
  • blurred vision
  • ↑blood viscosity
  • angina, claudication
  • dyspnea, thrombophelbitis
Supporting users have an ad free experience!