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NKU fall micro test 2
NKU fall micro test 2
20
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
09/17/2014

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
oncovirus
Definition
virus(es) involved in tumor promotion or cancer causation
Term
retrovirus
Definition
RNA viruses using reverse transcriptase enzyme to insert sequence into host DNA (lysogenic)
Term
Lytic cycle
Definition
Viral replication where viruses immediately go for maximum replication upon infection. Lyses cell.
Term
Lysogenic cycle
Definition
Replication where infecting virus incorporates sequence into host cell DNA, followed by occasional activations.
Term
Typical viral structures and components
Definition
Nucleic acid (either RNA OR DNA), capsid proteins, possibly envelope containing host cell membrane (phospholipids, glycoprotein spikes, proteins, and sterols)and sometimes enzymes
Term
Virus groups
Definition
DNA & RNA, enveloped & non-enveloped, single stranded and double stranded.
Term
Viral host invasion & replication stages
Definition
Adsorption
Penetration
Uncoating
Synthesis
Assembly
Release
Term
Viral targeting
Definition
Largely determined by binding between viral glycoprotein spikes and host receptor molecules of varying types
Term
Roles of viruses in bacterial virulence
Definition
Can transmit virulence and pathogenicity factors, as well as antibiotic resistance
Term
Cultivating viruses
Definition
Needs a host! Commonly cell culture, eggs, or animals
Term
Prions
Definition
Infectious proteins. Very tough to inactivate. Responsible for CJD and BSE (Mad cow)
Term
Catabolism vs anabolism
Definition
Breaking down compounds for energy vs using energy to build more complicated compounds
Term
Constitutive enzyme production
Definition
"always on"
Term
Regulation of enzyme function
(inhibitors)
Definition
Competitive inhibition - inhibitor competes for the active site

Noncompetitive: inhibitor affects enzyme at location other than active site, usually inducing a conformational change
Term
1) Aerobic respiration vs
2) fermentation vs
3) Anaerobic respiration
Definition
Uses oxygen, most ATP per glucose
No oxygen, minimal ATP produced
Alternate electron acceptor to oxygen...sulfur, nitrate, methane or other alternate metabolism. "Less energy than oxygen, but more than fermenting"
Term
prokaryote vs
eukaryote gene DNA structure
Definition
circular, maybe plasmids
Usually 1000x as many base pairs, DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts
Term
"central dogma"
Definition
DNA-> RNA ->proteins via
RNA transcriptase and ribosomes
Term
Plasmids
Definition
"extra" cytoplasm DNA in prokaryotes
transferred during conjugation
virulence factors, antibiotic resistence
Term
Ribosome
Definition
Proteinaceous protein assembly molecule (enzyme). Takes mRNA and assembles proteins from amino acids based on mRNA codons (3 base pairs=an amino acid)

Different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes=Popular antibiotic target. Conserved sequence used in DNA analysis.
Term
Operon
Definition
Group of genes related to a given metabolic process located in neighboring DNA. Regulated together - one transcription event makes mRNA for the whole group.
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