Term
| Protocols vary according to what? |
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Definition
| purpose, speed, transmission efficiency, utilization of resources, ease of setup, compatibility, and ability to travel abetween different LANs |
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Term
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Definition
| networks that run more than one protocol |
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Term
| What is the most popular protocol suite |
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Definition
TCP/IP, (transmission control protocol/internet protocol), can run on almost any combo of NICs and NOSs or network media, operates in the network or transport layers
some others are: Ipx/Spx NetBios and Appletalk |
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Term
| what is the protocol of choice for LANs and WANs? |
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Definition
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Term
| TCP/IP is the standard on what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
reliable data delivery services, operates in transport layer, ensures reliable data delivery through sequencing and checksums, and provides flow control
port hosts address where an application makes itself to available to incoming or outgoing data |
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Term
| IP does what and stands for? |
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Definition
internet protocol = provides information about how and where data should be delivered
data's source and destination address, network layer protocol, enables TCP/IP to internetwork, unreliable connectionless protocol |
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Term
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Definition
| packet in context of TCP/IP, envelope for data |
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Term
| ICMP stands for and does? |
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Definition
| internet control message protocol = network layer protocol that reports on success or failure of data delivery, indicates when part of network congested, indicates when data fail to reach destination, indicates when data discarded because allotted time for delivery (TTL) expired, cannot correct errors it detects |
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Term
| IGMP stands for and does? |
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Definition
internet group management protocol = network layer that manages multicasting (transmission method allowing one node to send data to defined group of nodes, point-to-multipoint method, teleconferencing or videoconferencing over internet)
routers use IGMP to determine which nodes belong to multicast group and to transmit data to all nodes in that group |
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Term
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Definition
| address resolution protocol = network layer protocol, obtains MAC address of host, creates database that maps MAC address to host's IP address |
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Term
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Definition
local database containing recognized MAC-to-IP address mappings
dynamic ARP table entries created when client makes ARP request that cannot be satisfied by data already in table,
static ARP table entries entered manually using ARP utility
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Term
| RARP stands for and does? |
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Definition
reverse address resolution protocol = allows client to broadcast MAC address and receive IP address in reply
if device doesn't know own IP then it cannot use ARP |
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Term
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Definition
| maintains table of MAC addresses and associated IP addresses |
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Term
| what is responsible for logical addressing? |
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Definition
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Term
| IP address is what and is made of? |
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Definition
unique 32-bit number, divided into four octets separated by periods
0 reserved as placeholder referring to entire group of cpus on a network, 255 reserved for broadcast transmissions |
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Term
| why are many internet addresses unused? |
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Definition
they cannot be reassigned because they are reserved,
some IP addresses reserved for special functions, 127 reserved for a device communicating with itself (loopback test)
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Term
| what will incorporate a new addressing scheme? |
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Definition
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Term
| ipconfig and ifconfig are used for what? |
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Definition
command to view IP information,
ipconfig is used for windows XP and ifconfig is used for Linux and Unix |
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Term
| binary and dotted notation are? |
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Definition
the most common way to express IP addresses, decimal number between 0 and 255 represents each binary octet, separated by a period,
each number in dotted decimal address had binary equivalent |
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Term
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Definition
32-bit number that, when combined with device's IP address, informs rest of network about segment or network to which a device is attached
every device on TCP/IP-based network identified by subnet mask |
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Term
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Definition
| subdividing single class of networks into multiple, smaller logical networks or segments |
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Term
| what must every node have on a network? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| manually assigned, can easily result in duplication of addresses |
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Term
| most network administrators rely on network services to automatically assign what? |
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Definition
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Term
| BOOTP stands for and does? |
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Definition
bootstrap protocol = uses central list of IP addresses and associated devices' MAC addresses to assign IP addresses to clients dynamically
dynamic IP addresses, application layer protocol, client broadcasts MAC address BOOTP server replies with:
client's IP address
IP address of server
host name of server
IP address of a default router |
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Term
| DHCP stands for and does? |
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Definition
dynamic host configuration protocol = automated means of assigning unique IP address to every device on a network
application layer protocol, reduces time and planning spent on IP address management, reduces potential for errors in assigning IP addresses, enables users to move workstations and printers without having to change TCP/IP configuration, makes IP addressing transparent for mobile users |
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Term
| APIPA stands for and does? |
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Definition
automatic private IP addressing = provides cpu with IP address automatically
for Windows 98, Me, 2000, XP client and Windows 2003 server, for situations where DHCP server is unreachable, assigns cpu's network adapter IP address from predefined pool of addresses, (example 169.254.0.0 through 169.254.255.255), cpu can only communicate with other nodes using addresses in APIPA range |
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Term
| every process on a machine is assigned a what? |
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Definition
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Term
| process's port number plus host machine's IP address equals? |
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Definition
process socket,
ensures data transmitted to correct application |
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Term
| what are the well known ports? |
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Definition
0 - 1023
are assigned to processes that only the OS or system administrator can access |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| more efficient header, better security, better prioritization, billions of additional IP addresses |
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Term
| differences between IPv4 and IPv6 are? |
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Definition
| address size, representation, distinguishes among different types of network interfaces, format prefix |
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Term
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Definition
group of cpus belonging to the same organization and has part of their IP addresses in common
domain names must be registered with an internet naming authority that works on behalf of ICANN
domain name usually associated with company or other type of organization |
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Term
| every host can take a what? |
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Definition
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Term
| every host is part of a what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the fully qualified host name? |
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Definition
| local host name plus domain name |
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Term
| ASCII text file called HOSTS.TXT does what? |
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Definition
associates host names with IP addresses, growth of internet made this arrangement impossible to obtain
example host file:
# IP address host name alias
132.55.78.109 bingo.games.com bingo
132.55.78.110 parcheesi.games.com parcheesi
132.55.78.111 checkers.games.com checkers
132.55.78.112 darts.games.com darts |
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Term
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Definition
domain name system = hierarchical method of associating domain names with IP addresses
refers to application layer service that accomplishes association and organized system of cpus and databases making association possible, relies on many cpus around the world
13 route servers
3 components
resolvers, name servers, name space |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| DDNS stands for and does? |
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Definition
dynamic domain name system = service provider runs program on user's cpu that notifies service provider when IP address changes
DNS record update effective throughout internet in minutes |
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Term
| Zeroconf stands and does? |
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Definition
zero configuration = collection of protocols designed by IETF to simplify setup of nodes on TCP/IP networks
assigns IP address, resolves node's host name and IP address without requiring DNS server, discovers available services , enables directly connected workstations to communicate without relying on static IP addressing, IP addresses are assigned through local IPv4LL (IP version 4 Link Local) |
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Term
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Definition
an application layter protocol that uses terminal emulation protocol used to log on to remote hosts using TCP/IP suite TCP connection established, keystrokes on user's machine act like keystrokes on remotely connected machine |
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Term
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Definition
file transfer protocol = an application layer protocol used to send and receive files via TCP/IP servers and clients, FTP commands work from command prompt, anonymous logins |
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Term
| TFTP stands for and does? |
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Definition
Trivial file transfer protocol = application layer protocol that enable file tranfer between cpus simpler than FTP, relies on UDP at transport layer, connectionless
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Term
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Definition
network time protocol = application layer protocol used to synchronize clocks of cpus |
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Term
| NNTP stands for and does? |
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Definition
| network news transfer protocol = an application layer protocol that facilitates exchange of newsgroup messages between multiple servers and users |
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Term
PING stands for and does?
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Definition
packet internet groper = application layer protocol that can verify that TCP/IP is installed, bound to the NIC, configured correctly, and communicating pinging, echo request and echo reply, can ping either an IP address or a host name, pinging loopback address, 127.0.0.1. to determine whether workstation's TCP/IP services are running, many useful switches like -?, -a, -n, -r |
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Term
| IPX/SPX stands for and does? |
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Definition
internetwork packet exchange/sequenced packet exchange IPX = provides logical addressing and internetworking services operates at network layer, similar to IP, connectionless SPX = works with IPX to ensure data received whole, in sequence, and error free belongs to transport layer, connection-oriented |
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Term
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Definition
| network address (chosen by administrator) and node address (MAC address) |
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Term
| NetBIOS stands for and does? |
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Definition
network basic input output system = designed to provide transport and session layers services for applications running on small, homogenous networks |
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Term
| What did Microsoft add to NetBIOS that has become a standard? |
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Definition
| NetBIOS extended user interface (NetBEUI) which is efficient on small networks, consumes few network resources, provides excellent error correction but it does not allow good security, few possible connections, and cannot be routed |
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Term
| to address in NetBEUI what must you do? |
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Definition
network administrators must assign a NetBIOS name to each workstation, after NetBIOS has found the workstation's NetBIOS name it discovers the workstation's MAC address, it then uses this address in further communication |
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Term
| WINS stands for and does? |
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Definition
Windows internet naming service = provides means to resolve NetBIOS names to IP addresses used exclusively with systems using NetBIOS, Microsoft Windows automated service that runs on a server, guarantees unique NetBIOS name used for each cpu on network, clients do not have to broadcast NetBIOs names to rest of network, this improves performance |
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Term
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Definition
protocol suite used to interconnect Macintosh cpus can be routed between network segments and integrated with NetWare-, Linux, UNIX, or Microsoft -based networks appletalk separated into logical groups of cpus called appletalk zones, enable users to share file and print resources |
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Term
| AppleTalk node ID is what? |
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Definition
| a unique 8- or 16-bit number that identifies cpu on an appletalk network |
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