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New Testament
Aaron Exam 1
73
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 2
01/27/2009

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Cards

Term
What were the three time periods involved in the intertestamental and NT years?
Definition
1) Greek 333-164
2) Maccabean 164-63
3) Roman 63-on
Term
Who established the Greek Empire?
Definition
Alexander the Great
Term
How was his empire divided when he died?
Definition
*among 4 generals
Term
What were the two divisions of this empire (dynasties) that particularly affected Palestine and where
were they located?
Definition
*Ptolemic (South)
*Seleucid (North)
Term
Which dynasty controlled Palestine first?
Definition
*Ptolemies
Term
Which great (hint) king gained control over Palestine in 198 BC?
Definition
Antiochus the Great
Term
Who was Antiochus Epiphanes and why is he notorious in relation to the Jews?
Definition
*seized throne from brother
-appointed high priest ($$)
-outlaw Judaism (suspended sacrifices, feats, sabbath, circumcision)
-forced Jews to worship pagan gods
-erected heathen alters
-alter of God replaced by alter of Zeus (Abomination of desolation)
Term
What family led the revolt against Ant. Epi. – M bees?
Definition
Hasmonean~Judas Maccabeus
Term
What happened under the leadership of Judas M.? In what year?
Definition
Temple was rededicated in 164 - gained religious freedom
Term
What happened under the leadership of Simon M.? In what year?
Definition
gained political freedom in 143
Term
The Romans gained control of Palestine in what year
Definition
Pompey captured in 63 BC
Term
Who was Herod the Great and what was mentioned to describe him?
Definition
-King while Jesus was born
-remodeled temple, Herodium
-Edomite
Term
How was his kingdom divided when he died in 4 BC? Which sons got what territory?
Definition
*among 3 sons
-Archelaus: Judea Samaria and Idumea
-Philip 2: Iturea and Trachonitis
-Herod Antipas: Galilee and Perea
Term
During Jesus’ adult life, who ruled in Galilee and who ruled in Judea?
Definition
*Galilee: Herod Antipas
*Judea: Roman Procurator (Pilate)
Term
What two descendants and rulers are mentioned in the book of Acts?
Definition
*Herod Agrippa 1
*Gaius Caligula
Term
What significant event took place in AD 70?
Definition
*Jerusalem was captured, conquest was complete
Term
Who were the Pharisees and what were their characteristics and beliefs?
Definition
-middle class
-strict interp of the Law (hedge around laws)
-hated Romans
*More FUTURE orientated/ ETHICAL
Term
Who were the Sadducees and what were their characteristics and beliefs?
Definition
-Upper class *status QUO*
-Accepted Hellenism
*Only accepted Pentateuch
*No resurrection/judgment/messiah
*PRESENT ORIENTATED
Term
Who were the Essenes and characteristics/beliefs
Definition
*found in Dead Sea Scrolls
*opposed hellenism
*lived away from people
*believed they were chosen people
*APOCALYPTIC
Term
Who were the People of the Land and .....?
Definition
-Lower class
-common Jews
-loyal to Judaism but not as extreme as Pharisees
-Followers of Jesus
Term
What were the four providential preparations for Christ?
Definition
1) Greek Culture: universal language, Septuagint
2) Roman Culture: Rax Romana, powerful military
3) Jewish Culture: Dispora, Monotheism/understood messianic expectations/synogagues
4) Galatians 4:4
Term
What are the four NT genres and which books fit into each?
Definition
1) The Gospels
2) Acts-only pure historical book
3) Epistles-didactic
4) Revelation-Apocalyptic
Term
What does the term “gospel” mean?
Definition
Good news
Term
Why four gospels? Different p___ on the life of Jesus.
Definition
perspectives
Term
What does “synoptic” mean? What is the synoptic problem? What solution was presented in class?
Definition
1) synoptic: 'to view together'
2) problem: literary relationships
3) solution: Markan Priority/2 source
Term
What three points were made to argue for the accurate historicity of the Gospels?
Definition
1) writers wanted to be accurate
2) able to be accurate: oral memorization and verification
3) writers wrote ancient history
-thematically, summaries, certain ideology
Term
What are the five distinctive features of Matthew?
Definition
1) geneology and birth narative
2) 5 blocks of teaching
3) Kingdom of heaven
4) quotes OT
5) cencern about Jewish law
Term
What was Matthew’s purpose in writing his gospel?
Definition
*Convince Jews that Jesus is the fulfillment of OT prophecies
Term
How does the genealogy of ch. 1 fit with Matthew’s purpose and audience?
Definition
1) starts with Abraham
2) Jesus in line of Davidic Kings (legal son of Joseph)
Term
The birth narrative is given from the perspective of J ---. Why?
Definition
Joseph:
Term
The baptism of Jesus is best understood as the __ of Jesus’ earthly ministry.
Definition
identification
Term
What was apparently Satan’s motive behind the temptation of Jesus? How did Jesus respond to
the temptations?
Definition
1) to disqualify Jesus
2) quotes scripture (deut)
Term
How is the Sermon on the Mount in general best understood (as presented in class)?
Definition
*Ethic of kingdom people both now and in the future
Term
In what two ways did Jesus significantly change the Jewish (OT) Law or ethical system?
Definition
1) Focuses on INNER aspects of heart
2)Sig. increasing stand of Law
Term
Why did Jesus call the Pharisees “hypocrites”?
Definition
they did it for applause
Term
What was the purpose of the miracles that Jesus did?
Definition
*Authenticate who He is
*Authenticate the message of the King
Term
What is the meaning of the term “disciple”? “apostle”?
Definition
Disciple: FOLLOWER/LEARNER
Apostle: SPOKESPERSON
Term
What things resulted in opposition to Jesus in the section 11:1-12:50?

m ___s (11:20); the S____ (12:1 ff.); the source of Jesus’ miraculous p___r (12:22 ff.)
Definition
miracles rejected/opposition to: Sabbath, Jesus' power, signs
Term
The parables in Matthew 13 have to do with the K ____, specifically in its m y____ form.
Definition
Kingdom, mystery
Term
What is the meaning of the biblical term “mystery” (e.g., 13:11)?
Definition
Greek word: something that has been unknown but now it is know
Term
What was the two-fold purpose of these parables (13:11)?
Definition
to reveal and conceal Truth
Term
What significant change takes place in 16:21?
Definition
The cost of following Jesus becomes harder (deny yourself and take up your cross daily)
Term
How should the Transfiguration event (17:1-8) be understood (as explained in class, cf. 16:28)?
Definition
* preview of the glories of the coming kingdom by means of a preview of the glory of the King
Term
What was the significance of the Triumphal Entry (21:1-11)?
Definition
1) fulfillment of Zech. 9:9
2) final and formal presentation of Jesus as Messiah
Term
What is Jesus’ sermon in 24:1-25:46 called? What does it essentially deal with?
Definition
Olivet Discourse, the 2nd coming
Term
What is the “abomination of desolation” that Jesus refers to (24:15)?
Definition
When Antipus sacrificed the pig, Jesus said this will happen again
Term
What essentially do the parables of chs. 24 and 25 teach?
Definition
Faithful and Watchful
Term
What Christian practice began when Jesus celebrated the Passover at the “last supper”?
Definition
Communion
Term
In the Garden of Gethsemane, Jesus’ h y is especially seen.
Definition
Humanity
Term
What was the charge of the Jews against Jesus that resulted in his trials and execution?
Definition
Blasphemy
Term
What is the significance of the temple veil being torn in two?
Definition
anyone can worship; both Jews and Gentiles
Term
The heart of the Great Commission (28:18-20) is to make d__ of all nations.
Definition
disciples
Term
What are the five distinctive features of Mark?
Definition
1) Shortest Gospel 2) Focus on Activities 3) Wrote for Romans 4) Portrays Jesus as Humble Suffering Servant 5) Portrays Jesus’ disciples often as not understanding of Jesus
Term
What is the purpose of Mark?
Definition
The present Jesus as the Son of God and the Servant of many
Term
What was Jesus’ hometown as an adult?
Definition
Capernaum
Term
What was Jesus’ hometown as a child?
Definition
Galilee
Term
What was Jesus’ home territory?
Definition
Nazareth
Term
What is the significance of Bethany to Jesus?
Definition
Martha Mary and Lazarus lived; Jesus stayed there when he came to Jerusalem
Term
What is the problem with the ending of this gospel?
Definition
Manuscripts of Mark vary; ending is uncertain
Term
Which ending is generally preferred (long or short)?
Definition
Shortest
Term
Which branch of scholarship deals with such issues (differences between ancient manuscripts)?
Definition
Textual critics
Term
What are the five distinctive features of Luke?
Definition
1) Longest book 2) Highests literary quality 3) Presents Jesus as “son of Man” Perfect humanity 4) More Humanitarian concern for all people 5) Unique Material
Term
What is the general purpose of Luke? What is known about him?
Definition
Present Jesus as the perfect Son of man to make sense to Greeks/Gentiles
Term
To whom was Luke specifically written (1:3)?
Definition
Greeks
Term
The NT period begins (and the 400 silent years end) with what event?
Definition
The birth of John the Baptist
Term
The birth narrative in Luke is from whose perspective?
Definition
Mary
Term
The terms that the angel used in 1:32-33 reflect what OT covenant?
Definition
Davidic
Term
How does Luke’s reference to the shepherds in 2:8 ff. reflect his emphasis?
Definition
To show that Jesus came for the lowly of men
Term
What event of Jesus’ boyhood does Luke include (2:41 ff.)?
Definition
His Barmitzfa ~ Passover feast ~ had some sense of His calling
Term
The genealogy of ch. 3 is whose? Why? What is the significance of this?
Definition
Genealogy of Mary, Emphasis on the Humanity of Jesus
Term
What section of Jesus’ life does Luke develop much more extensively than the other gospels?
Definition
Term
What is the geographical significance of the parable of the Good Samaritan?
Definition
It was on the border between Israel and Samaria
Term
Why was the charge against Jesus “changed” between the Sanhedrin and Pilate?
Definition
Pilate didn’t care that Jesus was the messiah, Jews changed the charge to make sure Jesus would be crucified
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