Shared Flashcard Set

Details

neuro, muscle, skin
neuro, musculoskeletal, skin
48
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
03/06/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

kernig's sign test

 

Definition

test for meningitits

lift leg from him flex knee

no pain is negative

Term

goniometer

 

Definition

measures ROM

(range of motion)

 

Term
Brudzinski's sign
Definition

test for meningitis

nurse flexes clients neck

positive sign would be clients passively flexes the hip and knee in response to head flexion and reports pain along vertebral column 

Term
Rinne's Test
Definition

tests hearing by comparing conduction

Abnormal finding 

Conduction loss- sound heard longer with bone

Sensorial Loss- sound heard longer with air

Term

Weber's Test

 

Definition

Test of CN VIII

auditory function

abnormal finding would be for the tone to laterlize

Term

Light Touch sensation test

 

Definition

tests CN5 

patient eyes close touch with cotton ball over both side of the face

abnormal findings would be absence of sensation

Term

Achilles Reflex test

 

Definition

flex patient's knee and dosiflex the ankle 90 degrees. Hold the bottom of the foot in one hand while you use the flat end of the reflex hammer to strike the achilles tendon at the level of the ankle malleolus

Abnormal finding- Range from hyperactive to a diminished response

Term

Babinski Test

 

Definition

stroke lateral aspect of the sole of the foot from the heel to ball, curving medially across the ball of the foot.

Abnormal finding- dorsiflexion of the great to with fanning of the other toes. Test would be positive

Term
Two Point Discrimination
Definition

Use two points of a paper clip so that the two prongs can be lightly pressed against the clients skin simultaneously. 

Abnormal finding- inability to distinguish 

Term
PERRLA
Definition

pupils equal round reactive light accomodation

Abnormal finding- failure of either one or both eyes to constrict to light in speed or magnitude indicates dysfunction of the oculomotor nerve

CNIII

Term

Hirshberg Test 

(Corneal reflex test)

 

Definition

Test used to determine whether a person has ocular misalignment

Abnormal finding- esotropia, extropia, hypertropia, hypotropia

 

 

 

 

 

Term
Lower Extremity vibratory neuropathy test
Definition

with patients eyes closed place vibrating tuning fork over the bony area of the lower extremities. Ask the patient to describe sensation

Abnormal findings- decreased,absent or unequal sensation

impairment of sensory nerves or parietal lobe

Term

McMurray Test

 

Definition

to evaluate presence of a damaged medial or lateral meniscus

patient laying down will flex knee with foot flat on table, place thumb and index finger of one hand along side of the joint space to maintain flexion and stability. Grasp patient heel raise the lower leg parallel with the table and rotate the knee

positive test is pain, audible clicking or locking of the knee on movement 

Term

Confrontation test

(optic nerve CNII)

 

Definition

slowly move object inward from the periphery in four directions have patient report when they can see the object

 

Term

Six cardinal fields of gaze

CN III

CN IV

CN VI

 

Definition

Patient looking at you position your finger 10 to 12 inches from the clients nose. Ask the client to keep the head still and follow finger with eyes only

Abnormal finding- eye movements that are not parallel indicate extraocular muscle weakness or dysfunction of CN III, IV, and VI

Term
Knee bulge effusion
Definition

Patient lays supine

Elicit the bulge sign by extending the knee and milking the medial aspect upward two or three times. Then tap on the lateral side of the patella. no fluid waves or bulging should be seen on the opposite side of the joint

Term

Romberg Test

 

Definition

Have patient stand with feet together, arms resting at sides and eyes open then closed.

Positive Rombergs test when patient sways with eyes opened and closed

Term
Balance Tests
Definition

eyes closed stand on one foot then other

walk in tandem heel to toe

hop on one foot then the other

one hand out and perform several knee bends

walk on toes the heels

Term
Layers of skin
Definition

dermis 

epidermis

subcutaneous

Term

Turgor

 

Definition
skin should move easily when lifted and should return to place immediately
Term

pallor-

cyanosis-

erythema-

jaundice-

 

 

Definition

pale

blue

red

yellow

Term

ABCDE rule

 

Definition

asymemetry

border

color

diameter

elevation and enlargement

Term

Neuropathy Distal Assessments

 

Definition

monofilament test

light touch

sharp/dull

vibration

kinesthetic

stereognosis

2 point discrimination

graphesthesia

Term

graphesthesia

 

Definition
identification of letters or numbers drawn on the hand, back or other area
Term
DTR 
Definition
muscle contraction response to direct/indirect percussion of tendon
Term

Reflex 

Upper Abdominal

Definition

superficial

T7, T8, T9

Term

Reflex 

Lower Abdominal

Definition

superficial

T10 T11

Term

Reflex

Cremasteric

Definition

superficial

T12, L1, L2

Term

Reflex

Plantar

Definition

superficial

L4, L5, S1, S2

Term

Reflex

Biceps

Definition

Deep

C5, C6

Term

Reflex

Brachioradial

Definition

Deep

C5 C6

Term

Reflex

Triceps

Definition

Deep

C6 C7 C8

Term

Reflex

Patellar

Definition

Deep

L2 L3 L4

Term

Reflex

Achilles

Definition

Deep

S1 S2

Term
CVA
Definition

Cerebrovascular Accident

Death of brain cells due to blockage and lack of oxygen. Also refered to as a stroke

Term
Frontal Lobe
Definition

primary motor cortex

broca's area

Term

parietal lobe

 

Definition
somesthetic (sensory) cortex
Term
temporal lobe
Definition

primary auditory cortex

wernickes area

Term
occipital lobe
Definition
primary visual cortex
Term

evaluation of cerebellar function for balance and coordination

 

Definition

with client lying supine ask them to place the heel of one foot on the knee of the opposite leg and slide it down to the ankle. Repeat on opposite leg

Abnormal finding- cerebellar disease may cause overshooting of the knee and oscillate back and forth. loss of position sense patient my have to look to make sure heel is going down shin

Term

Phanlens sign

 

Definition

flex both wrists and press the dorsum of the hands againist each other for 1 minute

Positive test- report of numbness pain and a paresthesia over palmar surface

Term
Tinels sign
Definition

tap on the median nerve where it passes through the carpal tunnel under the carpal ligament and volar carpal ligament

Positive test- report of tingling sensation or pain radiating from the wrist to the hand along the median nerve

Term

neurological assessment testing of he cerebellar function of coordination of fine motor movements

 

Definition

rapid alternating hand pronation/supanation

rapid alternating nose touching

alternating finger movement to the thumb

rapid movements of index finger from nose to examiners finger

Term
glasgow coma scale
Definition

motor response- 6 to 1 (6 obeys commands fully)

Verbal response- 5-1 (5 alert and oriented)

eye opening 4 to 1 (4 spontaneous eye opening)

final score is determined by adding the three

mild 13-15

vegetative 0-3

Term

evaluation deep tendon reflexes of triceps and biceps

 

Definition

Triceps- strike tendon just above the elbow with reflex hammer

Biceps- use pointed end of reflex hammer, strike your thumb instead of striking tendon directly

Term

Temporomandibular Joint

(tmj)

Definition
palpate jaw movement by placing two fingers in front of each ear and ask the client to slowly open and close their mouth and then move the lower jaw from side to side
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