Shared Flashcard Set

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Neuro
First Quiz
33
Science
Graduate
04/23/2010

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Motor Speech Disorders

Definition

- speech disorders resulting from neuro impairments affecting:

     -motor planning

     -programming

     -neuro muscular control

     -execution of speech

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Apraxia of Speech

Definition

-neuro speech disorder reflecing an impaired capacity to plan or program sensory motor commands neccessary for directing movements that result in  phonetically and prosodically normal speech.

Term

 

 

 

 

Dysarthria

Definition

-A collective name for a group of neuro speech disorders resulting from abnormalities in strenght, speed, range, steadiness, tone, accuracy of movemnts req for the control of:

-respiration

-resonance

-articulation

-phonation

-prosody

-posture (patty added)

Term

 

 

 

 

Basal Ganglia

Definition

Function:

 

-major motor relay station

-controls cognition

-movement coordination

-voluntary movement

-regulate muscle tone

-control postural adjustment during skilled movement

-adjust movement to environ. changes

-add Dr. M notes

 

*problems in basal ganglia -->dysarthria, word finding

Term

 

 

 

 

Corpus Callosum

Definition

-connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain

     -integrates motor, sensory and cognitive activity

 

-Dr M notes

Term

 

 

 

 

Motor Strip

Definition

-controls all movement including those necessary for speech

-the number of motor neurons assigned to striated muscle depends on degree of fine motor control, not size!

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Confirmatory Signs

 

 

 

 


Definition

-tremor

-aclonus (sudden jerking of muscles)

-hemi balismus (violent thrashing)

-tic

-dysknesia (abnormal motor movement)

-athetosis (slow writhing)

-dystonia (disordered muscle tone)

-gait and station

-muscle weakness

-reflexes

Term

 

 

 

 

Duffy's OME-What to Test

Definition

1. Face at rest

2. jaw at rest

3. face during sustained postures

4. jaw during sustained posture

5. face during movement

6. jaw during movement

7. tongue at rest

8. tongue during sustained postures

9. tongue during movement

10. velopharynx at rest

11. velopharynx during movement with mirror under nares

12. larynx

13. respiration

14. reflexes (gag and jaw jerk)

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Face during sustained postures

Definition

-smile wide

-purse lips

-puff cheeks--push againtst

-hold mouth open

 

-look for:

symmetry

range of motion

strength and tone

quick or slow?

Term

 

 

 

 

Jaw during sustained postures

Definition

-open your mouth--keep open while I try to close it

-clench jaw--keep close while I try to open it

 

Look for:

can move side to side

range of opening

resistence to strength in both open and close

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Face during movement

Definition

-smile widely then pucker lips--do quickly

-lift eyebrows-inability inplies damage to cranal nerve 7 (facial)

 

 

look for:

 

symmetry

expressions

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Jaw during movement

Definition

open and close quickly a few times

look for:

 

symmentry of open/close

range of motion during speech

alternating motor rate regularity

Term

 

 

 

 

Tongue at Rest

Definition

-let tongue relax onto floor of mouth

 

 

full or half?

symmetry?

unilateral groove?

tremors?

wet/dry?

slow or fast movements?

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Tongue during sustained postures

Definition

-stick out tongue and hold it

-keep out while i push

-push tongue against your cheek

 

 

deviation to one side?

resistence to pushing?

Term

 

 

 

 

Tongue during movement

Definition

-move tongue from side to side as fast as possible

 

speed

accuracy

regularity

range of motion

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Velopharyx at Rest

Definition

-open mouth wide

 

 

look at palate and palatal arches

does it hang low? Does it rest on tongue?

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Velopharyx during movement

Definition

-put mirror under the nares

 

-say ahhhh as long as possible

 

presence/absence of palatal movemnent

nasal airflow on vowels and s and p?

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Larynx

Definition

-cough

-grunt

-take deep breath and let out slowly

 

 

how sharp is the cough/grunt?

deep or shallow breath?

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Respiration

Definition

-observe quiet breathing and some non speech activities

 

 

sharpness of breath?

respiration after exertion?

normal posture?

irreg breathing?

hiccoughs?

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Reflexes

Definition

-relax, close eyes and let lips part

 

 

gag reflex--symmetrical?

 

jaw jerk-expect jerk during closing

 

sucking reflex

snout relfex

palmoental reflex

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Sequential Motor Rates

Definition

pa pa pa etc

 

 

 

rate of movements?

how steady?

regular patterns?

Term

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alternate Motor Rates

Definition

pa ta ka

 

rate?

reg patterns?

steadiness?

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Mutism

Definition

-absence of speech due to LMN damage

 

-brainstem strokes, MS, ALS (degenerative diseases!)

 

*output is limited to only a few syllables or voicings

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Locked in Syndrome

Definition

-speechlessness and total immobility of limbs--limited to vertical eye movement

 

-cognition is intact

 

-brainstem strokes, lesions or tumors

 

-results in death

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Cerebeullum Mutism

Definition

-mutism occuring 6-9 yrs of age following surgery to posterior fossa for tumor removal

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Onset

Definition

-acute: within minutes

-subacute: within a few days

-chronic: occured within months

Term

 

 

 

 

Evolution

Definition

-transient: symptoms resolve after onset (TIA)

-improving: reduced over time but not resolved

-progressive: symptoms continue and new symptoms appear

-exacerbating with remissions: symptoms resolve but reoccure with more symptoms

-stationary or chronic: unchanged for a period of time

Term

 

 

 

 

 

Flaccid Dysarthria

Definition

-LMN involvent/lesion

-symptoms:

 

breathiness-respiratory weakness

hypernasality

impercise consonent production

mono pitch/mono loudness

nasal emission

stridor

Term

 

 

 

 

Palilalia

Definition

-compulsive repetition of utterances

 

-often associated with parkinsons, alzheimers and tourrettes.

Term

 

 

 

 

Neurogenic Dysfluencies

Definition

-dysfluencies due to brain damage (stroke)

-can happen anywhere in speech, not just initial word or sound

-really annoys the person

-imitation and spontaneous speech is the same

Term

 

 

 

 

Echolalia

Definition

-unsolicited repetition of other utterances

Term

 

 

 

 

Upper Motor Neuron System

Definition

-the priniciple pathway that mediates voluntary movement

-comprised of multiple tracts

1. cortex to spinal cord

2. cortex to brainstem and cranial nerve nuclei

-fiber of UMN originate in the motor cortex and descend through the interal capsule (thalsmus) and terminate in the spinal cord

 

*only cortico-spinal tracts or cortico-bulbar tracts

Term

 

 

 

 

Lower Motor Neuron System

(Final Common Pathway)

Definition

all other components of the motor syst must act thru the LMN---last link in the chain

-originates in brainstem and directly controls skeletal muscles

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