Shared Flashcard Set

Details

NEU Warner Fall 2010 Chapter 2
These flashcards go over all lecture material covered in class from chapter 2
47
Organic Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
09/15/2010

Additional Organic Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What sort of connection is there between the degree of a carbon atom (also its title) and how many organic groups are attached to it?
Definition

For each organic chain attached to a carbon its degree increases by one (1o up to 4o) and its title goes up by one (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary)

Term
What is the formula for determining how many carbon and hydrogen atoms are attached to an alkene?
Definition

CnH2n. For every additional bond between carbons in a linear hydrocarbon 2 electrons are taken away

Term
What is the formula to determine how many carbon and hydrogen atoms are in a simple alkyne?
Definition

CnHn-2. Just like with alkenes for every bond that is added to a simple hydrocarbon 2 hydrogen atoms are taken away from the total number in the compound

Term
What functional group do compounds like benzene, pyridine and furan compromise?
Definition

They make up the aromatic rings functional group

Term
How is the degree of the alkyl halide affected when additional organic groups are attached to a terminal carbon?
Definition

The degree of the alkyl halide is increased by one as each organic group is added

Term
How is the degree of an alcohol affected as more organic groups are added to the terminal carbon?
Definition

For each organic group that is added the degree of the alcohol increases by one degree (ex: R1R2R3C-OH = 3o alcohol)

Term
When is an ester considered symmetrical and when is it not?
Definition

An ester is considered symmetrical when the same organic group is found on both sides of the oxygen. For example, tetrehydrofuran (slide 6, chap 2) is symmetrical because the carbon ring is the same in size and shape on both sides

Term
What is the relative structure of thiols/sulfides?
Definition

They'll typically be set up in a R-SH form (or the mirror opposite)

Term
What is a thioehter and how is it both like and unlike an ether?
Definition

A thioether is basically an ether, except with sulfur in place of the oxygen. It can also be symmetrical or unsymmetrical depending on the organic groups it is bound to

Term
What do peroxides and disulfides look like?
Definition

They form R-X-X-R' groups (the X can be either sulfur or oxygen depending on which one you're using)

Term
What forms do amines take on and what are the various properties that they undergo?
Definition

Amines form RxN(Hx)(x) compounds. They form primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary forms. In the tertiary neither the hydrogen nor positive charge is present and in the quaternary form it is called an ammonium ion instead of an amine as in all other forms

Term
How do phosphines differ from nitrates in regards to their organic compound bonding properties?
Definition

The only thing that is changed is that instead of dealing with nitrogen as the base atom you're dealing with phosphorous. The primary, secondary, tertiary and quatrnary paterns are the same and the quaternary form is called a phosphonium ion

Term
How are aldehydes and ketones similar in functional groups?
Definition

Aldehydes have the RCHO formula (NOT RCOH) so one end has a terminal hydrogen and an oxygen is double bonded to a carbon whereas for ketones both ends are non-terminal with the oxygen double bonded

Term
How do nitro compounds bond to various organic groups?
Definition

You'll always find the NO2 group attached but it may or may not be double bonded to one of the oxygens. If it is double bonded then the charge of the nitrogen becomes positive and the oxygen becomes negative resulting in a resonance structure

Term
How are nitriles set up in relative molecular settings?
Definition

They always have a C---N group (carbon triple bonded to nitrogen) and either a terminal hydrogen to form cyanide or a more complex organic compound group

Term
Describe how anides are set up
Definition

Anides always contain the N3 anide group. One nitrogen is always positively charged and another is always negatively charged. In the case that nothing else is bonded to it both ends are negative

Term
What happens if you replace an -OH group in sulfuric acid with an organic group?
Definition

You will produce a sulfonic acid which can go on to form many different molecules because of its open organic end

Term
Pretend you need to create a new compound which has a certain set of characteristics. What property could you use to facilitate this endevor?
Definition

Use the combination of functions. With this property you can combine the properties from multiple compounds and combine them into a novel compound

Term
Prefix for one
Definition
Meth
Term
Prefix for two
Definition
eth
Term
Prefix for 3
Definition
prop
Term
prefix for four
Definition
but
Term
prefix for five
Definition
pent
Term
prefix for six
Definition
hex
Term
Prefix for seven
Definition
Hept
Term
Prefix for eight
Definition
oct
Term
Prefix for nine
Definition
non
Term
Prefix for ten
Definition
dec
Term
How does the amount of constitutional isomers change as more carbons are added to a carbon chain?
Definition

The amount increases exponentially. Even at C10H22 you're looking at 75 isomers

Term
What is the be-all-end-all rule regarding nomenclature?
Definition

Any name stands for only one compound

Term
What is the first step to naming organic compounds?
Definition

Determine the longest straight chain. If there is a tie, pick the one with the most constituents

Term
What is the second rule in naming organic compounds?
Definition

Determine the name of all alkyl groups, note their positive and put them in alphabetical order

Term
What is the third rule in naming organic compounds?
Definition

Number the chain so that the lowest number goes to one of the alkyl groups. In the case of some sort of tie the winner is the chain in which the lowest number comes next

Term
What is the fourth rule in naming organic compounds?
Definition

In the case of multiple occurances of the same alkyl group (ex. methyl) use the appropriate standard prefix (if 3, use ...-trimethyl...)

Term
What are the rules on alphabetizing organic compounds?
Definition

Certain prefixes such as "iso-" are counted but others such as "cyclo" and the common numeral prefixes don't count

Term
What is the prefix for single atoms attached to organic chains?
Definition

It depends on the atom. For example, flouride is "fluoro-", Chloride is "chloro-", Bromine is "bromo-", Iodine is "iodo-", etc.

Term
Can NO2 be used as either a prefix or a suffix? Also, what is its abbreviation?
Definition

NO2 is always used as a prefix no matter what. Its prefix is "nitro-"

Term
Is there either a prefix or suffix to denote the -OR chain in an organic compound? Also, what group of letters is used in the name?
Definition

It is always a prefix. The prefix used is "-oxy". In the case that it is by itself the prefix is "alhoxy", with a methyl group the prefix is "methoxy" and so on

Term
What is the suffix/principle function priority for COOH and what is its prefix and suffix?
Definition

COOH (or COOR) has the highest suffix/principle function priority out of all of the substances covered in lecture. Its prefix is "alkyl carboxylate" and its suffix is "carboxylic acid"

Term
What is the suffix/principle function priority for CONH2? Also, what are its prefixes and suffixes?
Definition

CONH2 is second only to COOH/COOR is terms of suffix/principle function priority. Its prefix is "carbamoyl" and its suffix is "amide"

Term
What is the suffix/principle function priority of CN? Also, what is its prefix and suffix?
Definition

CN is the third in order of priority with COOR/COOH first and CONH2 second. Its prefix is "cyano" and its suffix is "nitrile"

Term
What is the suffix/principle function priority of CHO? What is its prefix and suffix?
Definition

It is right in the middle of the priority chart. Its prefix is "oxo-" and its suffix is "-al"

Term
What is the suffix/principle function priority for -C=O? What is its prefix and suffix?
Definition

-C=O is #5 on the priority list. Its prefix is "oxo-" and its suffix is "one"

Term
What is the suffix/principle function priority for -OH? What is its prefix and suffix?
Definition

It is second to last in priority with only NH2 being lower. Its prefix is "hydroxy-" and its suffix is "-ol"

Term
What is the suffix/principle function priority of NH2? What is its prefix and suffix?
Definition

It has the lowest suffix priority out of all of the substances covered in lecture. Its prefix is "amino-" and its suffix is "amine"

Term
Let's say a methyl group is bonded to a Nitrogen atom within an organic compound. How would you name the beginning of this compound?
Definition

It would be "N-methyl...". The N takes the place of a numbered Carbon atom

Supporting users have an ad free experience!