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NEU Warner Fall 2010 Ch 1
These flashcards go over the various topics covered in class from Chapter 1 of Prof. Warner's lectures
15
Organic Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
09/08/2010

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Cards

Term
What does the red area within an electrostatic potential map indicate?
Definition

The area that is red is most likely to attract atoms or molecules that are positively charged since this area is negatively charged.

Term
What does the blue area on an electrostatic potential map indicate?
Definition

The blue area indicates where negatively charged molecules or atoms are most likely to be attracted to since this area is positively charged

Term
Define atomic orbitals
Definition

Atomic orbitals are fuctions that describe the motion of electrons either around the nucleus of the atom to which they currently belong or the nuclei to which they are currently in a bond with

Term
What occurs when an atomic orbital equals 0?
Definition

A node occurs

Term
How do you determine electron density?
Definition

You square the orbital function

Term
Describe the way(s) in which a 2p orbital can be represented
Definition

A 2p orbital can be represented 3 ways: 2px, 2py, and 2pz. In each version the node lies along the plane specified and the orbitals are typically drawn as mushroomhead-like structure flat along the plane of reference (see slide #7 from the first lecture for a real diagram and probably an easier explanation to this)

Term
Describe how bonding is represented in Valence Bond Theory (VB/VBT)
Definition

Bonding is represented by the positive addition of 2 or more atomic orbitals on neighboring atoms

Term
What is represented by the lowest point of a potential energy chart on an atomic level?
Definition
Bond length (see slide #9 from lec 1)
Term
What is represented by the total area under the curve of a potential energy graph on an atomic level? Is there anything else that is important to note about this?
Definition

The area under the graph is the bond dissociation energy. Its units are kcal/mol.

Term
Why can't some molecules be represented normally using normal bond labeling procedures and how is this corrected?
Definition

Some valence electrons that are involved are delocalized. They therefore form resonance structures which depict constantly shifting and alternating bonds to the atoms involved 

Term
What do HOMO and LUMO stand for and why are they important terms?
Definition

HOMO: Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital. LUMO: Lowest Unoccupied MO. They denote the readiness and unreadiness (respectively) of a set of electrons to bind together to form a bond.

Term
How can a sigma bond be formed?
Definition

It can be formed by the overlap of 2 p orbitals (see slide 13 lec 1 for diagram)

Term
How can a pi bond be formed?
Definition

A pi bond can be formed by the sideways overlap of 2 parallel p orbitals (see slide 14, lec 1)

Term
Describe what exactly happens when a compound like methane is formed in regards to what electrons do.
Definition
Electrons go through a process called hybridization. Since there is only 1 s and 3 p orbitals from the original atoms they must be combined to form 4 idential bonds. They combine to form sp3 orbitals.
Term
What is the degree at which hydrogens are at in a tetrahedral setup?
Definition

They're at 109.5 degrees.

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